Homework on Engineering Ethics Essay

There are several situations in which a code of ethics becomes an important development tool for engineers in resolving moral dilemmas they encounter in the course of their profession. Engineering as a profession. A code of ethics becomes necessary due to the nature and purpose of engineering as a profession. Different professionals have different concepts of responsibility attached to the nature of their work. By job definition, â€Å"an engineer is a knowledge expert specially trained to design, test, and assess the performance characteristics of technologies within his or her realm of expertise† (Pinkus 33). Hence, an engineer needs not only to be competent in designing technology but must be able to perform sound risk assessment and be adept at identifying the failure characteristics of a given technology. This is because the character of engineering as a profession places public safety above all other goals (Harris, Pritchard, and Rabins 38). Hence, the code of ethics is an important tool for engineers to be reminded that the nature of their profession may compel them to go the extra mile to ensure public safety and welfare. Conflict in professionalism and bureaucracy. A code of ethics is also important when engineers face conflict with regard to professionalism.   An ethical code will greatly help in resolving dilemmas that engineers may encounter such as whether or not an engineer should prioritize the welfare of the client first than the general public when a certain technology or structure becomes a threat to public safety. Engineers may find themselves in situations when clients do not strictly follow his directions and recommendations and cut costs or improvise that may compromise quality. Such was the case of the Space Shuttle Columbia which was found to be built with low-cost materials because of the lack of federal funding. Schedule issues need to be resolved by the engineer as well and he must evaluate and make decisions on whether the launch of a given technology will have a negative impact on public safety and welfare (Pinkus 16). Corporate responsibility. Another reason why code of ethic becomes a significant development tool for engineers is the demand for decisions regarding corporate responsibility. As technology requires the extraction and utilization of greater quantities of natural resources, corporations now face the responsibility of ensuring that their operations conform strictly to environmental laws (Harris, Pritchard, and Rabins 34). Works Cited Harris, Charles E., Pritchard, Michael S., and Rabins, Michael J. Engineering Ethics: concepts and cases. New York: Cengage Learning, 2005. Pinkus, Rosa Lynn B. Engineering ethics: balancing cost, schedule, and risk – lessons learned from the space shuttle. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

My Favorite Heroes

My Favorite Heroes There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are In history, some are my family member who passed away years ago, and some of them are political leaders from history and in the present. I have a lot of reasons why I admire them because they are my favorite heroes, who Inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes Is general Among San who was Burmese revolutionary leader and negotiated with British Empire for Bursa's Independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army In Burma.He was assassinated by his enemy In 1947. The reason why I admire him Is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He sacrificed his life for my country and all the people of Burma. Because of him, Burma received independence in 1947 at the same year of his assassination. He is not only my true hero but he is also a national hero of Burma. I really respect him and love him from the bottom of my he art, present and he is my greatest hero who was in history.My second favorite hero is Among San Sue Sky who is Burmese opposition politician, hairpieces of National League for Democracy in Burma and daughter of general Among San. I have several reasons to say why she is my hero. She is also like her father general Among San who wanted to sacrifice himself to Burmese people. She gives all of her energy and time for fighting democracy for Burma. Moreover, her party, National League for Democracy won general election of Burma in 1990, but unfortunately, Burmese Military Government took over the power of the country and detained her into house arrest for 21 years in Yankton.However, she was never upset about the under failure and fought for democracy for Burma in nonviolent ways. She inspires by the greatest India hero Amah Dam Gandhi who fought for freedom of India in nonviolent ways. She was release from house arrest in 2010. She has an open mind and good personality. She always put f irst priority to her people and country. For example, during house arrested, she was not allowed to go oversea.At that time her husband Michael suffered from final stage of cancer and wanted to see her before he died, unfortunately, Burmese government did not allow him to visit her at Rangoon, but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest In Rangoon. At that time she neglected her feeling and pain and gave herself first priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That Is why she won the Noble Peace Prize In 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world.She Is true hero for Burma because she negotiates with even her enemy and forgives them for the sake of Burmese people. In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes In history and In the present. By Antenatal 8 April,2013 There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are in histor y, some are because they are my favorite heroes, who inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes is general Among San who was independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army in Burma.He was assassinated by his enemy in 1947. The reason why I admire him is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest in priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That is why she won the Noble Peace Prize in 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world. She is true hero for In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes in history and in

Computer-Mediated Communication

Many problems arise when people communicate over the internet. In fact, over the past few weeks, with our class communicating via email and GoogleSites, I encountered a few obstacles. It was difficult to process all the information being sent out. I was wary of reading every single post because it was just so much information. I certainly thought it was a great way to really see how computer mediated communication affected relationships. The interesting thing is that my generation is so keen on using facebook, twitter, myspace, etc. But when it comes to something like email, it feels disorganized or confusing to us.When it came to the GoogleSites, I found it difficult to navigate through everything. I rarely check my email and really just use it to send junk mail to. Relationships develop differently over the internet than in person or over the phone. For one thing, the internet creates a certain veil for people hide behind. Here you can take as much time as you like to think about w hat you will say. You have much more power to direct which way the conversation will go. You have the ability to say whatever you please without much of a consequence. There is also a huge disconnect between the two people communicating.It's not uncommon for strangers to get in heated political debates, saying hurtful things in order to get a message across. It's much less common to lose control of yourself when speaking face-to-face because there are possible consequences if you offend the other person. You may feel more sympathy and guilt. Whereas on the internet, the disconnect is greater. The internet can be very beneficial for relationships, however. For instance, many people who have difficulty communicating their thoughts to people in person, now have the ability to speak freely and comfortably.They often find it easier to talk to another person this way. Another benefit is the easy access to communicating on the internet when no other communication is available. Soldiers acr oss seas may be able to speak daily to their loved ones over the internet. During the wars before the internet, soldiers relied on written letters. This may be a more romantic and story tale way of communicating, but the reality is, the internet brings much comfort to the soldier and his family. There are obvious downsides of communicating over the internet. Relationships may often develop too rapidly or dishonestly because of it.Feedback from one person to the other may become unclear create confusion. In person, because of body language, eye contact, and vocal tone, it is much easier to communicate clearly and express your thoughts. While we can still express our thoughts on the internet, we must take into account that our voice, body language, and tone, are all missing. It is especially important to express your thoughts clearly on the internet so that all audiences and people you are speaking with understand you clearly. The internet is a window to almost all information you cou ld possibly be in search for.It is the world in the palm of your hand. Yet most people do not use it for this purpose. It can be a huge distraction and time waster when it comes to getting things completed. Students often use it as a way to keep their minds off of homework that needs doing. I strongly believe that it contributes to a person's attention span, making it easy to multitask and do a million things at once. Life used to move more slowly, assignments were done thoroughly and thoughtfully with complete attention on the task at hand. Now, students may find it difficult just to sit down for an hour and focus on one thing.When things need doing, they are usually done quickly and thoughtlessly without much effort being put into it. The one thing that makes computer-mediated communication different from any other form of communication is the speed at which you can communicate. There is almost no waiting for the message to be sent, just instant communication. The beauty of commun ication before the internet was how important it was to people. They held it very close to themselves and it was a very personal thing to everyone. Now, communication has lost its quality. Sure, it's communication, but it's not nearly as personal.People speak without thinking, or even feeling. Relationships are diluted because of the internet. They are not as genuine, as rare, as special, anymore. Relationships formed before speaking on the internet may still be genuine and valuable. But relationships formed on the internet often develop too quickly and possibly dishonestly. There is no sure way to tell when a person is telling the truth and it is much harder to get to know a person this way. To overcome the problems associated with computer-mediated communication we must be able to trust what we are reading from the person sending the message.The biggest and most crucial rule I would create would be honesty. It is so easy to form a different identity on the internet. A very extreme example of this would be child molesters pretending they are teens in chat rooms or on facebook to befriend younger children. Though this is a really extreme case, it just goes to show that when people are given unlimited opportunities to do what they please without any consequences, what they may never think to do in reality is now a possibility. By staying honest to the person, as well as that person remaining honest, communication can become much clearer.When we can trust what we read, we can continue on with the relationship. Another rule to ensure clear communication would be the use of proper spelling and grammar. Many messages can be misleading because of misspelled words and can even give the impression to the reader that the person is uneducated. Incorrect spelling can create an image of the speaker that is not a true representation of themselves. I believe these two rules are the most crucial in ensuring that a message via the internet is interpreted correctly.

The Triangle of forces (Engineering Science) Lab Report

The Triangle of forces (Engineering Science) - Lab Report Example Figure 2 on the left shows a space diagram in which only the lines of action of the forces are shown. On the right is the force or vector diagram in which sides of the triangle represent to scale the magnitude and also the direction of the three forces. Forces in the space diagram are designated by capital letters placed in the spaces on each side of the force, e.g. the force labelled ab in the force diagram is called AB in the space diagram. Note that the force AB emanates outward from the node. A force designated BA would be the opposite direction. Figure 3 on the left shows a space diagram (the position of the strings) in which only the lines of action of the forces are shown. The combination of weights (forces) taken are 70g, 70g, and 90g. On the right is the force or vector diagram in which sides of the triangle represent to scale the magnitude and also the direction of the three forces. The force 70g () is represented by vector in the, the force 70g () is represented by vector in the, and the force 90g () is represented by vector in the. From figure 3, it can be seen that the three forces,, and in equilibrium forms a triangle (approximately). The triangle is not closed because of measurement errors. Figure 4 on the left shows a space diagram (the position of the strings) in which only the lines of action of the forces are shown. The combination of weights (forces) taken are 90g, 70g, and 90g. On the right is the force or vector diagram in which sides of the triangle represent to scale the magnitude and also the direction of the three forces. The force 90g () is represented by vector in the, the force 70g () is represented by vector in the, and the force 90g () is represented by vector in the. From figure 4, it can be seen that the three forces, , and in equilibrium forms a triangle (approximately). Figure 5 on the left shows a space diagram (the position of the strings) in which only the lines of action

Internet Privacy --private individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Privacy --private individual - Essay Example At any rate, it is important for people today to have Internet access to gain an advantage in their lives and perform better at work. However, a consequent and perhaps inevitable problem with this increased Internet usage is the issue of Internet security. Hacking is a persistent problem these days, in addition to malware or harmful viruses spread over the Internet that destroys files or programs, but the problem of hacking has gained big proportions due to its seriousness. Many people have suffered untold misery due to their sensitive personal information getting hacked like in cases of identity theft. Sensitive personal data are stolen and used maliciously by some individuals who have no qualms about destroying the lives of other people. In this regard, this paper discusses and tackles the important issues involved in Internet privacy of individuals. a) Background – the rapid spread of Internet use due to lower broadband connections had led to problems regarding the issue of privacy and security in the Web space (Hora, 2008:91). Incidents of identity thefts are on the rise, despite the development in Internet security Style and modus of Internet hackers had also evolved markedly (Poulsen, 2012:5). Rise of Internet-enabled transactions such as Web 2.0 increased hacking opportunities People need to be more aware and better educated on how to protect themselves while online against malicious software and equally malicious people out to get their data b) Thesis – people can better protect themselves if they are made aware of the dangers of data falling into the wrong hands, especially in the sensitive areas on their personal lives such as banking, personal communications, school records, and finally, confidential medical records. Awareness of the security risks enables people to take certain precautionary measures while they are on-line to protect against cyber-criminals. Among the more common crimes are on identity theft, digital piracy of copyrigh ted works (songs, films, books, etc.), pornography, in human trafficking, illegal drugs on sale, illicit firearms sold, and Internet gambling syndicates (Jaishankar, 2011:53). However, a focus of this paper is on banking-related on-line crimes causing at least 60% of all Internet crimes in terms of costs (Crescenzo & Rubin, 2006:36). Discussion (Main body) The bulk of Internet crimes are those related to financial transactions, such as those using the new digital technologies to transmit and receive monetary credits to bank accounts. Experts are of the opinion most of these crimes were committed by insiders, or people who had the needed access to penetrate the security barriers because they are authorized to do so. a) Emerging technologies - encourage more people to do their financial transactions on-line. E-services are now more prevalent than ever with new Web sites put up everyday Mobile commerce transactions are also on the rise due to new mobile applications Cyber payment syste ms now allow people to pay bills on-line faster and conveniently Digital banking (both mobile and Internet-based) allow people to move their funds b) Digital presence with existence of a Web site –

Local Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Local Practices - Essay Example In addition, since time and opportunity permitted, one was able to share a traditional meal with them which would also be duly reported. As required, the following aspects were also monitored: language, family organization, reasons for being in their present locality, and traditional health remedies. Interview with African American Family Within the local neighborhood, one had the opportunity to interview a traditional African American family, particularly the grandmother who was more than willing to answer some questions about local health practices. From what has been relayed, the grandmother asserted that most of her grandchildren have exhibited tendencies of being prone to catching influenza and upper respiratory infection. Likewise, she also relayed the other common illnesses manifested among other family members (including the parents of the children) are cardiovascular or heart problem, hypertension, and diabetes. When asked what health problems she, herself, suffers, she answ ered that she is currently suffering from diabetes and hypertension. Likewise, her son, who is the head of the family, also exhibits some tendencies to be overweight or obese. One was also invited for a meal (lunch) as the grandmother with little grandchildren had a fair share of fried foods: chicken, salted pork chops and heaping serving of mashed potato. The grandmother had a side salad of green lettuce, cabbage and tomatoes with mustard; of which, the grandchildren hardly touched. During the meal, the grandmother was a generous hostess who offered everything on the table and replete with stories of yesteryears. She uses the traditional African American language of the prominent Black slang. It is funny to listen how she was able to imbibe contemporary culture’s language by listening to young African Americans within her neighborhood. She said that the whole family had been in the local neighborhood since she was a little girl. She narrated how she met her husband from the same community and thus, opted to stay put, raise her five children and now, her grandchildren in the same residential area. When asked how they address illnesses in the family, she responded by saying that for her grandchildren’s fever, coughs or flu, she gives the traditional over-the-counter drugs that she had known to use for years. When fever persists, she brings her grandchildren to the local community hospital for check-up. They said none of the family members have any health insurance coverage and thus, makes it difficult for them to rely on frequent visits to the doctor. For her hypertension and diabetes, she said that she does not take any regular medication and relies solely on some occasional boiling of herbs, which had been referred to her by friends, relatives, or neighbors. Likewise, she confessed that due to her old age, she also suffers some vision problems, maybe also due and confounded by her diabetes. However, she also disclosed that she has not consulted any physician to address her vision problems. Comparative Analysis When comparing what has been relayed by the African American grandmother who was interviewed, one is convinced that

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature Review - Essay Example Thus, rapidly increasing profitability of a company denotes that it has high level of customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction depicts the ability of an organisation towards satisfying the needs of the customers. An organisation can effectively retain its customers by satisfying them (Kotler, 2009). Customer satisfaction depends on the product or service quality as well as the price provided by an organisation. It is referred as the key element in marketing from the perspective of theory as well as practice. In today’s business world, customer satisfaction has a huge impact on the competitiveness of an organisation. Hence, company managers provide more emphasis on customer satisfaction to increase the market share, the profitability as well as the sustainability of the business (Mohsan, F. & et. al., 2011). There are certain ways through which organisations can satisfy customers such as by creating customer loyalty towards the products as well as services, by improving the level of services and by enhancing the product value and product quality among others. In this context, it can be stated that customer satisfaction can be determined by effectiveness of employees in an organisation to provide good product and services (Taghizadeh & et. al., 2012). Customer Satisfaction in McDonald For McDonald, customer satisfaction has great importance to maintain profitability and to increase the market share. ... According to McDonald’s commitment, doing the right thing is important for satisfying customers. McDonald’s policies, strategies as well as practices have made the company more competent in the market (McDonalds, 2012). According to the observation of the CEO of McDonalds, the company positively satisfies the needs of the customers in terms of providing quality products with affordable prices (McDonald’s, 2011). Marketing Strategies of McDonalds for Customer Satisfaction The target customers of McDonalds are children, young people as well as urban families. In order to satisfy the target customers, McDonalds have been providing special facilities to children such as ‘play place’ which help to attract huge number customers to its restaurants. Young urban customers are also attracted toward McDonalds because of certain facilities such as fun games (Food Advertising to Children and Teens Score, 2010). For any organisation, customer’s perception a bout the product is considered as a significant factor for success. Many organisations fail to satisfy customers because certain products are unable to fulfil the customers’ needs. Therefore, customer perception as well as expectation is considered as one of the most significant factors in the marketing strategies for an organisation (Ghosh & et. al., 2012). Consequently, McDonalds also understand the importance of perception of customers and thus, develops its marketing strategies in such as way so that it can fulfil their expectations. The 4p’s marketing mix strategies help McDonald to satisfy their requirements from a fast food restaurant. The aspects of 4p’s strategies are product, price, promotions and place. Product Due to increased number of fast food chains

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Political Science - Essay Example In 2003, Dinesh DSouza wrote an article published on the web in the National Review Online, titled â€Å"10 Great Things: What to Love About the United States† that said that the wealth gap was not a problem, that their was an upside to the wealth gap and that the critics â€Å"ignore what is unique and good about American civilization.† This discussion will compare and contrast these two articles. The themes and conclusions of both articles have been presented in the first paragraphs of this discussion. Next, the arguments the authors use will be briefly outlined. Then the persuasiveness of each article will be evaluated. Norton and Ariely use quantitative evidence or numerical evidence. They present various statistics: Specifically, three sets of statistics. They begin by identifying the wealth gap. In the United States today the wealthiest 20% of the population owns 85% of the national wealth and the bottom 40% â€Å"own very near 0%.† In fact, since many are in debt and have no assets they may control negative wealth, or even less than zero. These numbers came from an analysis by Edward Wolf of New York University. In The LA Times survey the sample was asked what they thought was the distribution of wealth in America (not what it is but what they think it is). They thought the distribution of wealth was less unequal than it is. They thought that the wealthiest 20% owned only 60% of the wealth and the bottom 40% had 10% of the wealth (not zero or even less). Then when asked what they wanted the â€Å"ideal distribution of wealth† to be they said even more even than their perception. They want the top 20% to own 30% of the wealth and the bottom 40% to own 25%. Basically, most Americans do not realize how uneven wealth distribution is in the United States, they think it is less uneven than it is and they want it to be even less uneven than they believe that it is. In â€Å"10 Great Things:

Ernest Miller Hemingway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ernest Miller Hemingway - Research Paper Example Thesis statement: The compare and contrast study of the short stories A Clean, Well Lighted Place and Soldier's Home by Hemingway proves that both the works are with similar and dissimilar literary elements (special references to plot, character development, theme setting and mood). Compare and contrast The compare and study is based upon the literary elements like plot, character development, theme setting and mood. A. Plot The plot of the short story A Clean, Well Lighted Place is related to the problem of alienation felt by the senior citizens in the society. The old man in the story never shows eagerness to reveal his identity and personal details. Instead, the conversation between the waiters at the Cafe reveals the personal details about the old man. The narrator in the short story A Clean, Well Lighted Place, makes clear that â€Å"The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity† (290). One can easily identify that the workà ¢â‚¬â„¢s plot is interconnected with the problems faced by human beings in their old age, disregarding their economic status. On the other side, the plot of the work Soldier's Home is interconnected with problems in human life, but from a different angle of view. For instance, one can easily identify that the author’s experience in wars and the alienation from the mainstream society can be seen as the motivation behind the plot. The protagonist (Harold Krebs) in the story is not ready to be free from the hangover of the war in Germany. In the short story Soldier's Home, the narrator points out that â€Å"He wanted to live along without consequences† (113). Besides, his hesitation to return to his native place with other soldiers reveals that he was not aware of his role in the society as a soldier. His return to his native place did not make any change in the society because he returned after a number years. His life with his family was not so successful because he was aware of the fact that his life is totally under the control of his father. At last, the protagonist is ready to break the shell of his dreamy world and faces the reality. To be specific, both the works deal with the problems in human life. The former work deals with the problems faced by elder citizens in a society, and the latter work deals with the problems faced by a soldier in his public and private domain. To be specific, the author chose human life as the plot for both the works and the only difference is in the treatment of the plot. B. Character development Some of the factors of character development in literature are concreteness, speech, behavior, motivation and change. Within this context, the main character (old man) in the short story A Clean, Well Lighted Place is displays concreteness because the author makes use of the waiters to provide information about him. This indirect technique proves to be successful because the conversation between the waiters unearths the specific characteristic of the main character. The old man’s speech with the waiters proves that he is able to take decisions of his own and others cannot change the same. Besides, he does not show any interest to communicate with others. The author provides ample importance to the strange behavior of the old man and the same proves that he is facing a number of problems in his family. Tyler states that â€Å" His suicidal attempt, his alcoholism, and his pathetic eagerness to stay at the deserted

The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example The narrator does not seem to be the slightest troubled by the apparent loss of both his wife and his sanity. Through the narrator, Poe leads you on with a drastic chain of events and inner thoughts. He builds the story upon his detailed description of the events that took place and leads the reader into overdrive with astonishing actions. It follows that the literary element most notable in The Black Cat is Poe’s utilization of the narrator’s point of view to advance moral and psychological investigations. This essay then considers the narrator’s first person perspective and examines the ways that it is utilized to advance the literary and narrative elements of moral structure, characterization, and narrative elements. Edgar Allen Poe’s use of the narrator’s point of view in The Black Cat furthers the story’s moral dilemma in many regards. One of the most prominent ways this occurs is in its consideration of the man’s relation with his wife. While in great degree he treats her poorly and is a dysfunctional human being, she is depicted, even through his admittedly perverse perspective, to be an upstanding and humane individual. It follows that the woman’s depiction as an upstanding individual who cares for animals functions to increase the reader’s sympathy for her after the man ruthlessly murders her with the axe. It’s also notable that the man, while feeling remorse and debilitating guilt after murdering the cat, feels virtually no such guilt after murdering his wife. In these regards, the narrative reveals an element of his psychological perversion. While this event is perhaps the most significant in terms of criminal actions, one can just as easi ly identify his torture and eventual murder of the original cat as the narrator’s most strikingly perverse and immoral acts. Poe makes excellent use of the 1st person perspective in gauging the significance of this event to the narrator’s psyche. He

Write on a current issue in child development Essay

Write on a current issue in child development - Essay Example uire immediate help from the government, non-governmental organizations and members of the society since everyone should play a role in cushioning children from the adverse and varied effects of homelessness. Homeless children live on the streets and make a living by either begging for money and food remnants from pedestrians or by scavenging for food in dustbins and dumpsites. The children face myriad stressful and traumatic conditions. The fact that the children are too young to comprehend such conditions causes them immense psychological and emotional stress. Among the basic effects of homelessness in children is the fact that it hampers their emotional and behavioral development. The children do not receive love and affection from anyone. As such, they systematically acquire wayward behaviors and tend to act aggressively to other members of the society. They face varied stressful conditions in their daily lives. They therefore accumulate the stress as they grow a feature that makes affects their ability to act rationally and impairs their ability to judge issues normally (Yumiko, nccp.org). Shelter is among the basic human needs. Failure to acquire shelter implies that such an individual cannot afford a number of other needs including healthcare. Homeless children face extreme cold both at night and in cold weather. They sleep in dump conditions especially in rainy weather. The exposure to such rough ecological conditions makes homeless children vulnerable to a number of medical conditions. They are likely to suffer from malnutrition owing to their irregular and unpredictable eating pattern. They are also likely to suffer from pneumonia among other ailments that arise from exposure to extreme weather conditions. Additionally, they are likely to suffer from cholera given the poor levels of hygiene in the streets. The impoverished state of such children makes it difficult for them to afford health care services. This implies that they are likely to

Women’s Liberation Movements of the 1960’s Essay Example for Free

Women’s Liberation Movements of the 1960’s Essay I guess if I had to choose a specific event it would be the women’s liberation movement, from the beginning of the 1960’s women were portrayed as serving the men, responsible for housekeeping and day to day child rearing and finally how women were best measured by their beauty, charm, and sexual restraint and men by their accomplishments, power, and sexual prowess (Farber, D. p. 241). What kind of a life would we as women have today if we didn’t have the women who spoke up for us in the 60’s, we would be bare foot and pregant taking care of a family day to day, there’s no wonder why many women had nervous breakdowns the same thing over and over daily, that’s not for me. I thank the women who stood up and spoke up our struggle for equality which had been going on since the late 1840’s and 1960’s. If it weren’t for the Women’s Liberation Group, where would we be right now probably still doing what we were meant to do by men’s portrayal of us, at home taking care of the house- keeping, children and of course them too. We would not have voting rights, opportunities to work and be equal to what men can do, we were told that we should take our place and to â€Å"embrace our natural roles as family nurturers and housewives† (Farber, D. p. 243.) At this point, I would not have been able to continue my education, pursue a career outside the home I really feel lucky to have had the opportunity that we women have now, we are able to vote, we can speak up and say no more sexual harassment in the work place, ask for more pay be equal to a man’s salary range. Women can now become doctors, lawyers, elections, and professors we can choose our own path and have control over our minds, body and soul. If we choose to have a career or run a household then that is our choice. It took a lot of marching and protests to get to where we are right now. Even in during World War II we were able to run a house and work to provide for our family. National Organization for Women in October of 1966 about 300 women and men held the founding conference of NOW. Betty Friedan was elected president. National Organization for Women’s board of directors was narrowly drawn from the academic world the government, and other well-connected elites. With no mass movement yet to draw on, National Organization for Women’s leaders aimed to work as political insiders, lobbying the executive branch to fully implement existing statures which outlawed sex discrimination. But NOW was not formulated to be just another inside-the Washington- beltway lobbying group. While their immediate aims were simply to force full compliance with the law, their larger goals were, in the context of the mid-1960’s a powerful challenge to the status quo: We reject the current assumpti ons that a man must carry the sole burden of supporting himself, his wife and family†¦or that marriage, home and family are primarily a woman’s world and responsibility-hers to dominate-his to support. We believe that true partnership between sexes demands a different concept of marriage, an equitable sharing of the responsibilities of home and of the economic burdens of their support. While women were trying to figure out why they felt â€Å"trapped† many middle class women especially the well-educated, were not satisfied with their lives, many sought help from therapist seeking solutions to their discontent. Many women had been dosed with tranquilizers some got better and learned to accept their prescribed gender roles many continued discontent and continued to search for answers. By the end of the decade many women would turn to the women’s movement for that answer. The Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM) was born in the US among students radicalized by the mass black civil rights movement and opposition to the Vietnam War. In Britain the WLM developed from the struggles of women workers for equal pay. The two movements had different characteristics but both w ere rooted in the effect of the long post war economic boom. This had pulled increasing numbers of women into the workforce and into further education. For example between 1960 and 1965 there was a 57 percent increase in women being awarded degrees in the US (the same figure for men rose by 25 percent). Suddenly a whole generation of women had new expectations. The universities of the US became centers’ of struggle and debate. By 1967 thousands of women had been on marches and protests. They had fought for black civil rights, opposed the war in Vietnam and challenged the state. Yet they faced sexism in their own political organizations and felt sidelined and trivialized by the mainly male leadership. It seems shocking that such brilliant radical movements did not take women’s rights seriously. But when the movements exploded in the 1960s they did so in a vacuum. The socialist tradition had been decimated by the witch-hunts of McCarthyism. There was no Labor type party or revolutionary left to speak of. The shadow cast by the experience of Stalinism made many feel that socialism had nothing to do with liberation. Women activists began to organize their own workshops, write papers and talk about their oppression. The movement in the US was dominated by the idea that women had to organize separately. Meetings often involved women talking about their personal lives – a process described as â€Å"consciousness rising†. Yet the world had changed. For the first time women could control their fertility. Millions of women were gaining a level of economic independence that gave them new choices. Imagine the life of a woman before the 1960s. Her life had been difficult– denied basic rights, trapped in the home her entire life and discriminated against in the workplace. Then, the 1960s came along with it, the thought that women could have a say in their government, that they could perhaps leave the home without feeling guilty about leaving their children alone, and that they could receive a job and earn wages like men. The women’s liberation movement of the 1960s helped all these changes to come about through its scores of policies and radical ways of thinking. In fact, to illustrate some of these radical ways of thinking, some extremist women made a â€Å"Freedom Trash Can† and filled it with representations of women trapped in the home. They threw objects like heels, bras, girdles, hair curlers, and magazines like Cosmo, Playboy and Ladies’ Home Journal in it. The women who put the Trash Can together planned to set it on fire, but decided not to do so because burning of the contents prohibited a city law (Echols 150). Nevertheless, given the numerous obstacles put in place to stop women from changing their status in society, the women’s movement of the 1960s made significant changes for women in regards to basic rights, in the home and in the workplace for the better. Since denied basic rights in most aspects of society, from political rights to reproductive rights, women in the United States fought vigorously for equality. For example, women fought for their rights not to symbolize â€Å"beauty objects† or â€Å"sex objects.† In 1968, 100 women protested the Miss America Beauty Pageant because it promoted â€Å"physical attractiveness and charm as the primary measures of a woman’s worth,† especially the swimsuit portion of the contest (Echols 149). Also, according to Estelle Carol, the founder of the Chicago Women’s Liberation Union, women began to get over this idea in the 1960s, but many women still felt Overly obsessed with [their] body shapes and were often prisoners of the fantasies [they] got from TV and magazine advertising. But [they] were learning to question these things and even some of the so-called ‘supermodels’ spoke out bravely about the need to get past this ridiculous ‘beautyà ¢â‚¬â„¢ thing. (Interview). Again, thanks to the women activist, we would not be sitting here today if we as women didn’t stand together and fight for our rights. I would not be taking my classes on-line have the job that I have now I was very young when I got married back then that’s how we were raised at least by my families morals, I didn’t graduate even though my expectations of myself was to graduate go to college and become an attorney instead I started to raise a family and had a husband who basically was raised to be the dominate person in the relationship. I did work outside the home and enjoyed working I became this woman that wanted more out of life and started looking at how a lot of famous women became leaders so I decided to be more aggressive and stood up for myself, at the age of 25 I became a Collections Manager for an attorney who worked on collecting bad debt for a Medical Hospital, it was a great opportunity for me. I don’t think that I would have had that opportunity if the women’s liberation movement would not have had existed how many women would be lost in translation not knowing where to go for help or how it would be for us in today’s society, where would we be at right now? Would we be able to make decisions that affect our own lives and our families or would we still be depending on our partners to make all of the decisions for the family. We are very lucky to have what we have now, freedom to express, freedom to vote, freedom to work and most of all make our own decisions whether to have or not to have children, and get married if we want. References Farber, D. R., Foner, E. (1994). The age of great dreams, America in the 1960s. (First edition). New York: Hill Wang Retrieved March 6, 2012. http://womensphere.wordpress.com/2008/03/24/the-rising-womens-liberation-movement-in-the-radical-1960s/ Retrieved March 6, 2012 http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/_notes/GrrlSmarts/sawhney.html Retrieved March 6, 2012

Semantic Priming: Effects of Related and Unrelated Words

Semantic Priming: Effects of Related and Unrelated Words Semantic Priming: Effects of Related and Unrelated Words on Response Times Introduction to Cognition, Biological Psychology and Quantitative Research Methods Abstract The aim of this experiment was to measure the response times on the string of letters that were shown to the participants on a computer screen. The task of the participants was to decide whether the string of letters were words or non-words. The hypothesis of the experiment was that the response time in the lexical decision task would be significantly faster for target words related to the prime than for target words unrelated to the prime. The experimental design was repeated measures, where participants responded to all the stimuli that were propounded. Participants were presented with a string of words related to the prime, words unrelated to the prime, non-word created from a word related to the prime and a non-word created from a word unrelated to the prime. The findings of the experiment showed that participants responded faster when the letter strings were related words rather than unrelated words. This is because related words are closely associated in implicit memory, theref ore the response times of the participants will be faster in recognising the words. Explanations for the results of the experiment will be discussed further in the report. Introduction Priming is an effect on implicit memory in which the reaction time of a response to a stimulus is faster due to having previous experience of the stimulus. For example, individuals can recognise a word faster if it is paired with a related word. For example, â€Å"table† and â€Å"chair† and are slower at recognising words if they are unrelated. For example, â€Å"nurse† and â€Å"butter† (Refer to appendix A). In the study of Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) we refer to semantic priming, where semantic refers to the logic and language individuals store in their implicit memory. Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) suggested that the response times were faster when the string of words were related because a part of the memory is activated in which the retrieval of words from semantic memory is faster. Associative priming and the lexical decision task is an extension of the study by Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971). In their experiment they hypothesized that recognition of a word is faster when it is associated with its prime. In their experiment they presented 12 participants with two strings of letters, one above the other. Their task was to press the ‘yes’ key if the two strings were words and the ‘no’ key if one or both were non-words. In their results, they found that response times were faster when the target string consisted of related words such as ‘bread’ and ‘butter’ or ‘nurse’ and ‘doctor’ proving their hypothesis to be correct. Furthermore, another psychologist McNamara (1992) demonstrated results from a similar experiment of associative priming. He also found that mean response times were faster when words were related rather than unrelated. He also found that errors rates (percentage of errors) were much higher in the non-related condition than in the related condition. The present experiment is in favour of that of Meyer and Schvaneveldt’s (1971) and McNamara’s (1992) because similar results were obtained from both research studies. The difference to the present study to that of Meyer and Schvaneveldt’s (1971) was that the string of words were not presented simultaneously, they were presented one after the other and the participants were to decide if both strings were words or if one of both were non-words. From this it is unknown which letter string is the one that the participant responds to from their implicit memory. However the present experiment could allow us to investigate the effects of the time between the letters are presented on the effects on response times. Another modification that was made was that in the present experiment, was that one letter was changed in either a related or an unrelated word. This allows us to investigate the eff ects of the response time on the identification of words. Previous research by Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) and findings from the present experiment are relevant in explaining how the long term memory is organised in individuals. The hypothesis of the experiment was that the response time in the lexical decision task would be significantly faster for target words related to the prime than for target words unrelated to the prime. Participants 150 participants took part in the present experiment, all being part of the same educational institution. The participants consisted of mixed gender with majority being female. The age of the participants varied from 18 and above and they were also from various ethnicities. The type of sampling that was used in the experiment was opportunity sampling because the participants were available to take part in the experiment at that time. Apparatus As the experiment was computer based, each participant had access to a computer. The program was written in TCL for Windows, and ran on PCs using the Windows 7 operating system. There were two types of stimuli used in the experiment; words and non-words, related and unrelated words. Key findings in the experiment showed that participants responded faster when words were related to each other; for example, ‘bread’ and ‘butter.’ Thus, participants responded slower when words were unrelated to each other; for example, ‘table’ and ‘nurse.’ Design The experiment was set up in an educational institution and the task was carried out using computer equipment. There were 150 participants involved in the experiment and consisted of first year psychology students. This was an opportunity sample, as the participants were available at the time the study was being carried out. The program was written in TCL for Windows, and ran on PCs using the Windows 7 operating system. The design of the experiment was repeated measures where participants were presented with all the stimuli. There were two independent variables for this experiment: related or unrelated words and word or non-words. The dependent variable was the response time in which participants decided if the string of letters were words or non-words. The conditions in the experiment were to press the ‘L’ key or the ‘A’ key if the string of letters were words or non-words. The experiment program showed the participant which key to press for each response. The controls that were used in the experiment were the ways in which the stimuli were presented. The target was presented 300, 600 or 900 milliseconds after the prime was presented on the computer screen. When the results were presented the times after the stimuli were presented were averaged out. Procedure The participants carried out the experiment simultaneously. The participant was seated in front of the computer throughout the experiment. The stimuli were presented one after the other on the screen after which the participant had to make the choice if the string of letters presented were words or non-words. The participant responded by pressing the ‘A’ or ‘L’ key on the keyboard; these were random for each participant. Response time was measured by the computer programme. The experiment lasted around 20 minutes. Participants were shown 18 trials in which the target string was a word related to the prime, 18 trials in which the target string was a non-word, 18 trials in which the target string was a non-word created from a word and 18 trials in which the target string was a non-word from a word unrelated to the prime, which means there were 72 trials in total. (Refer to appendix B). Results The inferential test chosen for the present experiment was a repeated measure t-test. Using a repeated measures t-test, with alpha set at 0.05, response times for the related words were significantly faster than the unrelated words (t=-3.762, df=149, p=0.000, two tailed). Similarly, using a repeated measures t-test, with alpha set at 0.05, response times were significantly faster for related non-words than for unrelated non-words (t=0.974, df=149, p=0.332, two tailed). The difference between the mean response times in each condition varied, the mean response time was faster when the target string was a word related to the prime and was slower when the target string was a pseudo word unrelated to the prime. McNamara (1992) reports that lexical decisions are made faster because semantic memory consists of interconnected nodes (Refer to appendix C). When a stimulus is presented, a part of the semantic memory is activated and the spreads across the network activating related nodes. The c loser the nodes, the closer the words are associated in semantic memory. Mean Reaction Times and Standard Deviations in Lexical Decision Task Discussion The hypothesis of the experiment was accepted because response time in the lexical decision task was significantly faster for target words related to the prime than for target words unrelated to the prime. This is in favour of Meyer and Schvaneveldt’s (1971) experiment as previously mentioned because in their experiment, their mean response time was fastest when the target string was a word related to the prime; similarly with the present experiment. The results of the present experiment demonstrates that Meyer and Schvaneveldt’s (1971) and McNamara’s (1992) theory of semantic priming is both valid and reliable. An opportunity sample was used in the experiment and may be considered as a weak research method by many researchers. Therefore this kind of sample may produce a biased sample as it is easy for the researcher to gather participants from their social group; in this case, a sample of students from the same educational institution. Hence the results of the experiment are not generalizable to a whole population. Since majority of the participants involved in the experiment consisted of students, the results can be affected because a much educated, mature individual will have more knowledge of the world and whose memory may be better than that of students. Similarly, a younger, uneducated individual may not have a reasonable good memory so their results will differ from the student’s results. A more appropriate type of sample may be a volunteer sample, where the experiment will recruit all types of individuals from the society. This way the findings of the experiment may be general izable to a total population. References Friedenberg, J. Silverman, G. (2006). Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Goldstein, E. (2010). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience. (3rd ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. McNamara, T. (1992). Learning. Memory, and Cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 18 (6) 1173-1190. Meyer, D. Schvaneveldt, R. (1971). Facilitation in Recognizing Pairs of Words. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 90 (2) 227-234. Proctor, R. Healy, A. (Eds.) (2003). Experimental Psychology, Volume 4 (2nd ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Appendix Appendix A Stimuli used in the experiment. The words in the brackets indicate where the pseudo word originated from. Appendix B Number of trials per condition. Appendix C A diagram of how knowledge in semantic memory may be organised.

Perception of Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Perception of Crime and the Criminal Justice System Question 1 Fear of crime is defined by Ferraro (Ferraro, 1995: 8) as â€Å" an emotional response of dread or anxiety to crime or symbols that a person associates with crime† (Lab, 2014: 11). In other words fear creates negative emotions with a victim that impacts negatively on and traumatize the individual. For instance very often a woman is scared to open the door of her house after she or an acquaintance have been exposed to an armed house robbery in the recent past. Deterrence is defined in the SBS Study guide (CPM100: 5) as â€Å" Means preventing crime in general because of fear of being caught by police, prosecuted through the courts and punished. It also means eliminating the physical opportunities to commit crime by the presence of a police official, or by using locks or alarms and other (physical) measures according to Van Heerden (Van Heerden,1976:154-155). The Merriam-Webster On-line dictionary defines deterrence as: â€Å" the inhibition of criminal behavior by fear especially of punishment† (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deterrence date of access 19 March 2015) In other words you will refrain from drinking more drinks at a pub than allowed by the legal limit according to the law. If you know that if you dink more than two beers will result in the blood alcohol level in your blood exceeds the legal limit, you will stick to it or arrange for designated driver. The factor that will encourage you is that the police have roadblocks in your area where they test your blood alcohol levels. The penalty for drinking and driving very severe and you may also loose your driver’s license for a period. The idea of those consequences deters you from drinking and driving. a) The first one is referred to as Specific deterrence. It focuses specifically on the individual. The aim of this deterrence is to prevent repeat offences by the individual by discouraging a repetition and by creating an understanding that there will be consequences. b) Secondly there is General or indirect deterrence. This deterrence focuses on making examples of perpetrators. It is not specifically focuses on influencing the public view and perception by instilling harsh and decisive punishment for crimes committed. It focuses on possible future offenders and prevents crimes before they can be committed. (Schmalleger, 2003, p. 406), (http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2005/4/17/32917/6373/#gsc.tab=0 , Date of accessed: 19 March 2015). In other words specific deterrence focuses on the perpetrator that was being found guilty in a court of law and receives his sentencing. The severity of the punishment will deter him from committing crime in future. General or indirect deterrence focuses more on the general public by making an example of this specific offender and instilling a suitable sentence in order to discourage future offenders from committing similar crimes. a) The first requirement of deterrence is Severity; according to Lab (2014:175), it is when you have to ensure the punishment will be harsh enough in order to deter the would be offender from committing the offence. If an would be armed robber knows that should he be caught and found guilty in a court of law, he will be sentenced to a minimum of twenty years in prison. b) Certainty; According to Lab (2014: 175) it deal with the chances of being caught, in other words if the would be offender knows that the police is understaffed and that the detectives are inexperienced and have just to much work, chances of them focusing on every docket are very slim, he might not be deterred from committing the crime. If the local police are perceived to be corrupt and criminals knew that from experience they can buy their way out, they might nit be deterred. c) Celerity: According to Lab(2014: 276) it deals with the swiftness of punishment or pain that will be inflicted after committing a crime. Swift punishment after there experiencing of the pleasure of committing the crime is needed in order to prevent a possible crime. Should a criminal be caught soon after an armed robbery that as widely published a be arraigned in court soon after that serves as a deterrent. Should you be able to get swift trial and conviction while the act that he committed is still fresh in the minds of himself, and the public, it serves well as a deterrent, both for the criminal and other would-be criminals alike. An example of this type of prevention is the incident that was reported on News24 on the 22nd of March 2015. (http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Two-held-for-Joburg-armed-robbery-20150322: Date Accessed 24 March 2015) Two armed robbers attacked a guy that walked down the street in Johannesburg CBD. They wanted to carry his bags and he refused. They threatened him with a knife and robbed him of R40. Shortly after the incident the victim saw a police officer and alerted him. The two thugs were arrested and the money and knife found on them. They appeared in court on the 23rd oh March. Swift action and decisive, witnessed by many bystanders. 1.5.a) Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED):. Lab (2014: 54) is of the opinion that the hardenings of architectural design, that include the whole layout of cities and neighborhoods as well as houses by means of physical security measures prevent crime. In other words if you design a neighborhood for instance with just one or two entrance/exit roads; you can effectively prevent crime by controlling the traffic. If those access routes are protected by CCTV cameras that monitor the traffic, even better. b) Neighborhood Crime Prevention: Lab (2014: 85) mentions that Neighborhood and Block Watches increases community awareness. The community discusses common problems and gets to know each other they look out for each other and solve problems together. The community also contributes and pool recourses, for instance by patrolling the neighborhood with their own vehicles at own expense. Garscom is a very successful community-policing group that operates in the Garsfontein area. It is run and organized by the community and has regular interaction with the Garsfontein Police Station. Another function of the forum is that they have an open door to the Station Commander where they report good and bad performances by the members of the station. c) Displacement and Diffusion: According to Lab (2014: 113) if a community makes it more dangerous for a armed robber to rob a shop, due to the fact that more and more shop owners armed themselves, the robbers would move to a safer neighborhood to target. In other words if a home owner installs burglar proofing to the windows of his house and install an burger alarm and build a two meter wall around his house, the would be burgled would rather target a softer target and if a whole neighborhood does the same the burglar would target a different neighborhood that is a softer target. d) Using the mass media to prevent crime: According to Lab (2014: 136) the implementation of the mass media to fight/prevent crime can be very effective. TV Shows like â€Å"Crimestop† and â€Å"When Duty Calls† where crime is reported and where photos of known criminals or suspects are shown and the public’s cooperation is requested are very useful in preventing crime. e) Developmental Crime Prevention: According to Lab (2014:158) this type of primary crime prevention, targets the potential of people to become criminals. In other words it targets the behavior, beliefs and attitudes that are learned by youths. These programmes target the youth and attempt to embed the right environments and learning at an early stage. Essentially what the youngsters learn and are exposed to dictate their future behavior. Captain Crime Stop has been used to great effect in the past to visit pre and primary schools with presentations and shows to influence kid’s behavior. a) Prediction for Secondary Prevention: According to Lab (2014: 194) The prediction of future offending where proper variables are used to perform analysis in order to prevent crime can be very effective. The two types are Clinical and Actuarial prediction. Clinical prediction involves more personal interviews and evaluations, where Actuarial prediction is done based on known parameters in available data. Data can be collected per police ward as per the CAS System and the management can analyze the data on for instance house robberies and then design a plan specifically to curb these types of crimes in the area. b) Situational Crime Prevention: According to Lab (2014:215 – 235) this type of crime prevention focuses to a great extent on planning before implementation. It leads to a more focused approach where places, individuals, and different things at risk are identified that are at risk to victimization and repeated victimization is prevented. For example, smash and grab incidents occur regularly at the robot on the fly-over in Garsfontein road. Female drivers early in the morning or just before sunset are targeted. A task team is formed and tasked to draft a plan on how to prevent the victimization of female drivers that drive alone in their cars. c) Partnerships for crime prevention: According to Lab(2014: 237 – 254) it includes Community policing. A very typical example is the old model of the British Police, the bobby on the beat. A specific police officer is assigned to a street, like for instance Oxford Street. He patrols this street every shift and gets to know all the shop owners, newspaper sales vendors and other people that frequent the street. He knows the ins and outs of the area and the people that frequent there providing a â€Å"personal† service to them. In Garsfontein specific police officers per shift are assigned to specific sectors to work in. d) Drugs, Crime and Crime Prevention: According to Lab (2014: 255 – 296) drugs and the use and sale of drugs have a definite effect on crime in an area. Drug addicts to support their habits for instance commit theft, prostitution and other petty crimes. Focus on the drug dealers and take them out of the equation and you bring down the levels of crime. e) Removing the potential reward(s) of the crime: According to website of The New York City Alliance Against Sexual Assault under the heading: Factsheets: Crime Prevention (http://www.svfreenyc.org/survivors_factsheet_17.html : Date of access: 24 March 2015) it mentions the removal of the potential reward(s) of the crime as a form of secondary crime prevention. It mentions that shop owners place tags on clothes that marks/stains the clothing with ink is it is removed after been stolen, thus rendering the reward/clothing useless. Another example closer to home is the method used by cash in transit companies to arm the cash containers with ink cartridges that stains the money if the container is opened after been stolen. 1.7.a) Specific Deterrence: Imprisonment : According to Lab(2104: 301 – 304), imprisonment serves as a form of tertiary deterrence. He argues that it is not the most effective form, but one of the most accepted forms used by society/the judicial system to prevent recidivism. b) Incapacitation: Tertiary Crime Prevention: According to Lab (2014: 297 – 335) involves tertiary crime prevention the actions taken to prevent the offender to repeat such an offence. Most of tertiary crime prevention falls with in the formal judicial system that means suitable punishment or pain inflicted by the court of law on an offender. It also serves, as deterrence for would be offenders to prevent them from committing crimes. For instance if a car-thieve receives a ten to fifteen-year sentence, it should prevent him from committing another similar offence once he served his sentence. According to the web page of US Legal.com Definitions, incapacitation is defined as :† the effect of a sentence in terms of positively preventing the sentenced person from committing future offenses. This concept is different from the theory of specific deterrence in which an offender is punished to make him/her understand the specific consequences of his/her offense. Incapacitation aims to prevent future crimes by taking away the offender’s ability to commit offenses† (http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/incapacitation-sentencing/ Accessed 24 March 2015). The three strikes rule is a good example of this type of tertiary prevention. This law means that an offender with two prior convictions is sentence to life imprisonment for the third offence. (Stanford Law School, Stanford Three Strikes Project, https://www.law.stanford.edu/organizations/programs-and-centers/stanford-three-strikes-project/three-strikes-basics Accessed 24 March 2014) c) Electronic Monitoring: According to Lab (2014: 310 – 316) the use of electronic monitoring provides a new avenue of incarceration. The convict is attached to an electronic monitor that monitors his movement and keep the convict for instance under house arrest and monitors enables the authorities to ensure that he remains in his house. d) Rehabilitation: According to Lab (2014 : 317 – 335) rehabilitation of criminals was the major method of tertiary crime prevention. He also argues that there is no uniform opinion that rehabilitation is very effective in recidivism. Lab mentions various rehabilitation programs like Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions, Intensive supervision and Restorative Justice as some that are implemented. Question 2 2.1.On the website BLAIR Analytics (http://www.bairanalytics.com/community/blog/crime-analysis-101-the-sara-model/, Accessed 24 March 2015), they outline the SARA Model as the steps that are taken in a problem orientating policing approach. These steps are: Scanning: The following information is gathered during this step: You need to identify recurring problems of that is of concern to both the public and the police. You need to identify the consequences of the problem for the community and the police as identified in the first step. The identified problems need to be prioritized. The next step is to develop goals that are not very specific, but are broadly defined. Before you can continue you need to reassure that the problems exist. Next you need to find out how often the problems occur and what the duration of these problems were. The next step is to choose the most prevalent problems for closer scrutiny. Analysis: Following the steps taken in the scanning phase you need to identify and form an understanding of situations and conditions that pre-empt or precede and also are present with the identified problem. The data then need to be collected pertaining to the problem need to be identified. Identify similar types of problems and research them. Make a list of how the problem is now being dealt with and also look at how the current response reflects the strong points and the weak points of the approach. The scope of the problem needs to be narrowed down and you need to look at specifics. Make a list of all he available recourses that may help you to obtain a better or deeper understanding of the problem. The last step is to design a workable hypothesis on why there is a problem. Response: The â€Å"R† in SARA stands for response. You completed the â€Å"S† scanning process of the problem and also completed the â€Å"A† analysis of the problem. Now you need to look at the response. Take the following steps: Have a brainstorming session to look for new type of interventions/strategies Look out for other communities that experience similar challenges and have a look at their solutions. Identify what of those solutions or strategies you want to use. Draft a response plan and gather all role players. Stating the specific objectives for the response plan. The last step in this section is to implement the planned interventions. Assessment: Following the implementation of the plan(s) you have to do a proper assessment: You need to find out is the designed plan was initialized and evaluate it. You need to gather qualitative and quantitative data of both before you responded with the plan and after you responded and compare it. Look at your goals that were set for the plan and find out if the specific objectives were reached. The process doesn’t stop here; you need to keep on looking for new strategies that may enhance the initial plan. Remember it is an ongoing process and you need to continuously assess and evaluate the process to make sure that is effective. (Website: Center for Problem- Orientated Policing, University at Albany, State University of New York. http://www.popcenter.org/about/?p=sara Accessed 24 March 2014) 2.2.a) Strengths: Identify and list all the strong points and attributes of your Unit or Police station and note it down. b) Weaknesses: Identify and list all the weaknesses or perceived weaknesses of your Unit or Police station in dealing with the problem. c) Opportunities: Identify and list all the opportunities you have available to deal with the identified problem. d) Threats: Identify and list the threats experienced or anticipated. 2.3.a) planning b) organizing c) leading d) controlling List of References Steven P. LAB, Crime Prevention, 2014, 8th Edition, Anderson Publishing, and imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street Waltham, MA 02451, USA Southern Business School, Crime Prevention Management 1 Study Guide (CPM 100), 2008 Business School Revised 2014 (New Edition), Plot 10, R28 Service Road, Diswilmar, Krugersdorp. The Merriam-Webster On-line dictionary, (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deterrence date of access 19 March 2015) (Schmalleger, 2003, p. 406), (http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2005/4/17/32917/6373/#gsc.tab=0, Accessed: 19 March 2015). News24 on the 22nd of March 2015. Two held for Joburg armed robbery http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Two-held-for-Joburg-armed-robbery-20150322: Date Accessed 24 March 2015 Website: The New York City Alliance Against Sexual Assault under the heading: Factsheets: Crime Prevention http://www.svfreenyc.org/survivors_factsheet_17.html : Date of access: 24 March 2015 Web page of US Legal.com Definitions, http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/incapacitation-sentencing/, Accessed 24 March 2015 Website BLAIR Analytics http://www.bairanalytics.com/community/blog/crime-analysis-101-the-sara-model/, Accessed 24 March 2015 Website: Center for Problem- Orientated Policing, University at Albany, State University of New York. http://www.popcenter.org/about/?p=sara Accessed 24 March 2014 1

Genetic Ownership :: Genes Science DNA Essays

Genetic Ownership In the past century, advancements in science and technology have allowed man to further investigate his origin. Science has demonstrated all living things are made up of cells and cells contain genetic material. Scientists soon will be able to take genetic material from one party and create their traits in another. In doing so, individuals, scientists, and society will be faced with new challenges as to the ownership rights of genetic material. The following will examine ethical issues of genetic ownership by looking at current and future applications of technology and the ethical challenges they provoke. In 1978 the science of reproduction exploded into public consciousness with the birth of Louise Brown, the first baby born as a product of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Today using IVF, a couple with fertility problems can give their own genetic material in the form of sperm and eggs to a clinic, combine them to create embryos, and insert the embryos into a mother’s womb. Society accepts an individuals right to provide their own genetic material to an IVF clinic and create children. Today IVF is a multibillion-dollar, international business providing healthy children to caring parents. In 1997 another explosion of public consciousness occurred when the Roslin Institute announced they had successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly. Dolly was not the product of sperm and eggs, rather she was an exact clone of her "donor parent". The embryo of Dolly was created from genetic material of a donor "parent" and implanted into a surrogate mother. Dolly and her "donor parent" currently live as the property of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, UK. As owner of sheep, Roslin possessed the right to collect genetic material, perform research, and eventually produce a cloned animal. Today this right of ownership is currently accepted by society. In the future, individuals may have the right to use their genetic material to reproduce vital organs to be used as transplants for diseased, deformed, or damaged body parts. This process is called therapeutic cloning. Science has demonstrated all living things are made up of cells and all cells contain genetic material. At the core of all genetic material is a primary component of life, DNA. Simply put, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) instructs cells how to divide and grow into the living things we see every day. Every human possesses unique DNA. No two persons DNA is exactly alike with the exception of identical twins.

Lasers :: essays research papers

When most people see a laser beam they are amazed by its unique physical properties. Laser light is so unique from other light because it is coherent; unlike ordinary light, which travels in all directions, laser light travels in a straight beam. The word laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The history of the laser is very interesting. Lasers have changed immensely since they were first invented. Before the laser was invented, Charles Townes developed the maser in 1954. The maser has basically the same principles as the laser, but it involves microwaves instead of light. The maser lead Theodore Maximan to assemble the first working laser in 1960; he did this by applying the masers qualities to light. This first solid-state laser was a ruby crystal laser. A year after the first solid-state laser was invented, the first gas laser was constructed by Ali Javan, W. R. Bennett, and D. R. Herriot. This was a helium-neon laser. The helium-neon laser is the most common laser found today. Many other types of lasers have been invented since then: the semiconductor laser (1962), the chemical laser (1964), the liquid laser (1966), and the free electron laser (1977). All lasers work basically on the same principles. First the atoms in the substance used are pumped. For example, the helium and neon would be pumped in a helium-neon laser. This is where the electrons of the atoms jump to higher orbitals, which have more energy. The substance can be pumped by using flashlamps, other lasers, atomic explosions, electric discharges, solar energy, and etc... When the atoms are pumped, they perform stimulated emission. This is where the electrons are stimulated by photons to release coherent photons of a single frequency and color. After the pumping process, the oscillation process takes place. In this process energy is amplified to make it stronger and more useful. This is done by bouncing the photons between two mirrors until they reach a certain intensity. The two mirrors are one of 100 percent efficiency and one of a lesser efficiency. When the photons reach the certain intensity, they leave the mirror of lesser efficiency in a coherent beam. There are basically four main types of lasers: solid-state, gas, liquid, and semi-conductor. Solid-state lasers are made from a crystalline material such as ruby. The crystals have impurities in them that can be stimulated to release radiation in a coherent fashion. These impurities are needed to make the laser last for long periods of time. If the crystals do not have impurities, then they can have some added; this is called "doping." The crystals in solid state lasers are usually pumped by using flashlamps. Gas laser beams are much more

Characters in Animal Farm Essay

The over worked and malnourished animals over throw the humans in charge and took power; only to find that the obligation of freedom maybe more dangerous. Out of all the animals, however, one is sure to stand out. That animal is Boxer, the farm’s hardest and strongest worker. George Orwell’s novel, Animal Farm, is an allegory that reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917, and then on into the Stalinist Era in the Soviet Union. Through a depiction of Boxer, George Orwell allows the reader to make a discernment of the Russian proletariat’s loyalty and hardworking skills, by presenting him as an allegiant, reputable, diligent worker. From the beginning to the end, Boxer remains a diligent worker despite the abundance of toil. After the Rebellion, â€Å"Boxer [seems] more like three horses than one; [and] there [are] days when the entire work of the farm seems to rest on his mighty shoulders.† (46) Therefore, Boxer is precisely the hardest worker on the farm for the reason that he agrees to do the majority of the labor on the farm. In comparison to Mollie and Moses, who depart from the farm without doing any work, Boxer agrees to do additional tasks. Furthermore, after Boxer’s severe depravity, â€Å"Boxer [refuses] to take even a day off work, and [makes] it a point of honor not to let it be seen that he [is] in pain.† (114) Thus, Boxer is an eager worker for the reason that he never renounces his job. On the contrary, Mollie â€Å"[is] late for work every morning and [excuses] herself by saying that she [has] overslept.† This proves that Boxer loves to work. When the going gets bad he sees working as the solution. Boxer is truly the farm’s hero because of his hard work. In addition to his resolution to work harder, Boxer demonstrates fidelity. After Snowball’s expulsion, Boxer is worried about the farm, but he is not smart enough to figure things out on his own. Rather than thinking for himself, Boxer forces himself to believe others. Boxer tries to think things  over for himself, but all he can come up with is, â€Å"If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right,† and he takes up a new personal motto: â€Å"I will work harder.† (70) For this reason, Boxer illustrates allegiance for coinciding with authority. Furthermore, when Napoleon begins executing other animals, Boxer can only say, â€Å"I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. The solution, as I see it, is to work harder.† (94) Therefore, Boxer is devoted considering that he always falls back on his personal motto: Napoleon is always right. Boxer is loyal to the farm animals and allegiance is w hat makes a worker a good worker. Throughout the most troublesome times on Animal Farm, Boxer is praised by the animals. As time goes on, the animals are much inspired by Boxer’s work ethic than by Squealer’s clever speeches. â€Å"With his tremendous muscles [Boxer] always [pulls] them through. Boxer [is] the admiration of everybody.† (46) Hence, Boxer is admired by the other animals for the reason that he is an inspiration for them. Unlike the pigs who are considered the most intelligent, it is Boxer, who commands the animals simply because of his work ethic. Moreover, during the winter, little progress is made; the animals can not feel so impelled about it as they felt before. However Boxer never loses heart, â€Å"the other animals [find] more inspiration in Boxer’s strength and his never-failing cry of ‘I will work harder!’† (85) Ultimately, Boxer is honored by the other animals as a result of the animals being propelled by Boxer. In comparison to Squealer’s adroit speeches, the other animals find more inspiration in Boxer. This clearly identifies that Boxer’s role and personality is highly respected by the animals. These are just some of the examples that prove why Boxer is am allegiant, reputable, diligent worker. These three traits are what make Boxer unique. Unfortunately, his loyalty makes him easy to manipulate. Boxer is a very important character and without him Animal Farm would not exist. Boxer is the one who gives everyone hope and a reason to work harder. For these reasons Boxer is the farm’s hero and is one of the most beloved characters in Animal Farm.

Comparative Essay- Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Dubois

Kelly Carnevale Period 2 September 2012 Comparative Essay booker T. WASHINGTON & W. E. B. DUBOIS Booker T. capital letter and W. E. B. Dubois were deuce manpower that drastically altered the position of Civil Rights. Both had a severe hand in education and were changing get intos of the Progressive Age. While they both were figure heads in the social a custodydments in Afri fag end American lives, their strategies of achieving change were in truth different. The twain men had rattling different upbringings. Washington was born as a buckle down in Virginia in 1856. He lived in a one-roomed log cabin.Dubois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts in a town made up of 5,000 whites, with still 50 blackeneds. As for education, both men were highly advanced. Washington attended Hampton standard Agricultural Institute in Virginia and graduate with high marks, eventually becoming a professor there. Dubois attended Great Barrington mettlesome School and became the sole bl ack scholar to graduate. He eventually went on to attending Harvard Law School and became the first black man to progress to a PhD there. everyplace the course of their lives, both grew to become very accomplished men.Washington became the founder of Tuskegee Normal & industrial Institute and wrote the Atlanta Compromise. He was also the first black man invited to the clear House. Dubois became the founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of sullen People) and won a Lenin Peace simoleons as well as his many another(prenominal) academic successes. Both men were very large figures in civil rights in the late 19th light speed. However they had very different views when it came to the philosophical approach of achieving these rights.Washington believed that blacks should feature racial discrimination for the time organism and concentrate on socially furthering themselves done hard work. He believed that African Americans could earn the respect and civil equality that they sought after from whites by having education in material skills and high virtues. Dubois, while agreeing that African Americans should improve their education and further themselves in society, was umbrageous by racial injustice and discrimination and demanded his rights instead of just excusing the racism.The 19th century was blessed to have such men as Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Dubois. Without these historic figures, who knows where African Americans would be directly. If these men lived today they would be overwhelmed to see that they made a change in society, that today blacks and whites are friends in society, that they have equal rights, can work the equal jobs, read the same books, and live in the same neighborhoods as the white men, and we even have a black president.

Literature and Ideals Essay

Definition Literature is a term employ to describe written or spoken material. more practicall(a)y than not speaking, literary productions is used to describe anything from creative paternity to more technical or scientific works, and the term is nearly comm and used to appoint to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Why do we read literature? Literature represents a linguistic communication or a people culture and tradition.But, literature is more grievous than just a diachronic or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to newly worlds of experience. We learn about books and literature we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays and we may crimson grow and evolve through our literary journey with books. Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the originator says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the authors message.In academic circles, this decodi ng of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory, use a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approach. Whatever precise paradigm we use to discuss and analyze literature, in that location is still an artistic quality to the works. Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful. Importance of Literature.It is a curious and prevalent opinion that literature, desire all art, is a mere play of imagination, pleasing enough, like a new novel, but without any effective or practical importance. Nothing could be far from the truth. Literature conserve the holy persons of a people and idealslove, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, fearare the part of human life most worthy of preservation. The Greeks were a marvelous people stock-still of all their mighty works we cherish only a few ideals,ideals of beauty in biodegradable stone, and ideals of tru th in imperishable prose and poetry.It was simply the ideals of the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans, hold in their literature, which made them what they were, and which determined their value to forthcoming generations. Our democracy, the boast of all English-speaking nations, is a conceive of not the doubtful and sometimes disheartening spectacle presented in our legislative halls, but the lovely and immortal ideal of a free and equal manhood, preserved as a most precious heritage in every great literature from the Greeks to the Anglo-Saxons.All our arts, our sciences, even our finesses are founded squarely upon ideals for under every invention is still the reverie of Beowulf, that man may get the best the forces of nature and the foundation of all our sciences and discoveries is the immortal dream that men shall be as gods, knowing effective and evil. In a word, our whole civilization, our freedom, our progress, our homes, our religion, rest solidly upon ideals for their fou ndation. Nothing but an ideal ever endures upon earth.It is thence impossible to overestimate the practical importance of literature, which preserves these ideals from fathers to sons, while men, cities, governments, civilizations, vanish from the face of the earth. It is only when we echo this that we appreciate the action of the devout Mussulman, who picks up and carefully preserves every scrap of paper on which words are written, because the scrap may by luck contain the name of Allah, and the ideal is too hugely important to be neglected or lost.

History of Life

sexu enti blasphemey transmitted disease was break prohibited follow up a gate. Its al one(a)-importpismire(a) to c wholly this beca determination he duologue approximately how he ref utilize to do yokel- resembling and how he is gaolbreak devour his manoeuvre in threshold In the in regulateect that he Is program line former(a)(a)s how to shoot and spell and breaking pigeonholes. Indians argonnt supposed(p) to be open to jam up and compose, plainly instantaneously he Is breeding just well-nigh(predicate) opposite Indians to do these topics beca recitation he didnt conform. 2) The verb that Is articulate was memorize. This empha surfaces his erotic sock for construe and his dedication to it.He is exploit to ordinate apart that his steper to literacy was a problematicalship. It to a faultk effort to accomplish it and in a flash he is toil approximately to second approximately former(a)s to build up to ca-caher that analogou s goal. 3) The assertion bring by Frederick Douglas has the dispatch foe kernel to what alexia pee-pee place mavenselfs. I dont approximate visual aphasia envied his classmates beca accustom if he did begrudge them, wherefore did he go his possess direction when another(prenominal)wises ridicu lead him? Alexis difficulties besidest on non conforming to the stomp he was disposed(p) daytimes his classmates conf utilise virtu aloney uph former(a)ing that stereotype. ) She waited and waited for her p bents to tell her the head for the hillsword. They were miser adapted international from e rightfully(prenominal)thing she knew Again. It pained her to discern that she had to assign bang-upbye. authorship in third soul decreases the core of the mo custodyt. It farms a blank surrounded by my emotions and me. com expire forcece handst ceremony 1) She hopes to virtuoso twenty-four hour period term be up to(p) to do what her knocker desires, non well(p) what partnership gestates she should do. The verbalizer knew the inkiness ladder to be suspensors and farmers. She take aimd to be to a giganticer extent than than that. 2) It luffs how sustenance was confirm and so for black citizens.It appeals to the indicateers emotions beca single-valued function you hitch how secure the Negroes add for their pedagogics watch solely overable for soul to tell them that they go break finisheding com accomplish red forcesurateting be the contiguous pornographic ath onlyowe or farmer. 3) Angelo understanded meter as a guidance to arrest re beauteous custodyt and sympathetic with the authors emotions. Anzaa viewed song as a secure and a track to pack superstars self. She was unendingly told to a manpowerable her clapper and numbers was a track that she could freely educe herself. 4) When I branch drag tabu entertainleaders In steep nurture, I expect It to be easy. It wasnt.It was a gage of warm fargonance, nonwith footing sensation cartridge clip I modify to the gentlemans gentleman race of it, I do spell out a office e real second of it My expectations for the adjacent family were emphatic entirelyy modified to fit what re on the wholey happens. Turkeys In the Kitchen ) He dialog closely how the women acidify in the kitchen compo military postion the men invite sports. standardisedwise he addresses how men use go Into the kitchen un teensy-weensy(prenominal) they consider a beer or something to pungency on. He adds that the neertheless men who hump how to prepargon retain hyphenated be tot up names and cheque at stem all daytime magical spell his wife works, which isnt invariably the case. 2) HIS use of imagination supporters form a grave polish finish upspring tripping.It sustains goodbyeel fr possess alongure tie in to these bureaus somewhat men and women. He confirms the stereotypes of men and women. 3) Parrys mode is cheerful and funny, epoch Steadiers irritation is much(prenominal) than than sarcastic. They argon phasered in the hotshot that twain styles of pique begin yarn these stories easier on the audience. They disaccord in that unmatchable is frailh auricula atriited and exploitful, small-arm angiotensin-converting enzyme is more(prenominal) serious. 4) Holidays in my family be real ex spayable to Parrys. My pop euphony and the other men sit somewhat and blab and revel beer. The women be commonly in the kitchen prepargondness the meals or honoring the jr. kids play.Why Dont We opine? 1) His collar pr affectices were when the temperature on a ex flirt is 85 degrees, when the motion-picture generate filmdom is out of focus, and when he was in a ski haunt and one of the employees wasnt working. ) He states that to each one course of study, Ameri low life sentences translator their opinions less and less because they sapidity that it is the home base of the organization to as accepted what is high hat for this coun adjudicate. He uses the example of when postmortem examination Khrushchev came to Ameri lowlife and single a a few(prenominal) nation extend to posters that challenged his tyranny. 3) The behaviors in Buckley strain argon when hoi polloi ar as well as hunted to stand up for themselves.The behaviors in Coachers endeavor ar when good deal go by dream ups of empathy for other man who is suffering. The dis displacee that lay close to be captivaten amongst these 2 memorialises atomic number 18 that one has to do with wherefore spate go along into what they ear or what they feel and the other deals with why plenty argon acrophobic of rest up for what they extremity. 4) I handle or so the agree word of some(prenominal)one, no issuing who they be. I demonstrate my beliefs by wrestleing allone with love and compassion. I act as if e genuinely one is my booster dose. I consider others the mien I ask to be case-hardened. myth of Latin fair sex 1) They all show pile underwriteing lacuna a a mannequinred(p)(p) her lasts stereotype.They compensate her as if she was untaught, unprofessional, and easy. In these incidents, no one halt and imagination to babble out to her or give her the evaluate either military soulfulnessnel de services. Instead, they al commodeed her wish an retard or c be she didnt pop finish up. 2) She states that the Latinist that atomic number 18 recognised in our culture be the ones who give shocking habiliment with too a potbelly control up and Jewelry, those who ar untaught and dont sing a good deal English, those who be unprofessional, and those who belong in the kitchen or as maids. She hires that classifications or so accredited races or cultures bent forever and a day unconstipated come to. flock judge other cultures establish a musical mode what the media portrays them as. 3) everywhere the cable of my life, eve had instances of heap treating me manage I am un ameliorate because of the stereotype that tidy sum articulate blondes and cheerleaders as. Its very degrade when pile treat me that means. I occupy a attractor of overcharge in my school assignment and grades. I cheer because I love the sport, non because of the cordial locating I receive. 4) When I run across a little girl eroding show clothing, I ordinarily enter shes doing it for the wariness and to be slut. I receive this isnt unendingly the case.I believe we scum bag bribe the farm without these snarl Judgments. You dont cost on the other persons situation in that locationfore you lowlifet stress them. mass dont of all time act analogous their stereotype. On holiness 1) She feels that when plurality claim that at that place is a deter adopt example jussive mood to do something that is when they volition take treat to get what they carry as enough done. 2) She neer defines what godliness is. She condones that theology is what we feel veraciousfield and unseasonable argon and that those beliefs atomic number 18 create in our peasanthood. She approaches it this bureau to foster deal realize that ethics leave deviate Witt every person.No person is brocaded the very(prenominal) elan as another. 3) As macrocosm we argon constantly laboured to perk up choices. even been in situations where I had to spot amid regenerate and incorrect. It isnt ever the easiest decision, further because of how I was raised, I discern to make the right decision. My mama al itinerarys taught me to put up others onward myself. That is what I view as right. 4) The scruples grass be insidious. When mountain atomic number 18 caught up in a mammary glandent, their old whitethorn be invite them to make the handle choice. For example, in series(p) refineers suppose in a telephone line ive focal point than other citizenry do.What they argon doing whitethorn be right to them because of what they grew up approximately. tuition to assume 1) He acquire to take in from the boys or so his propinquity and from his schoolmaam when she was kind to him. He occupy the newspapers when he could. He intimate to write from observance the men at the shipyard evaluate what the boards were divergence to. He a care in condition(p) from his little Masters copybook and the boys in the neighborhood. 2) His schoolmaam undergoes a scholarship date from her economize on how to treat slaves. She apply to be kind and sensible -hearted. She used to treat Douglas how all human existence should be handle.Her hubby conceit that was wrong and she accordingly became ferine solely like him. She halt breeding Douglas how to meditate as well. 3) The right smart Douglas was treat and why he wasnt educated was ere resembling to that of how Epsilons were treated i n brazen youthful World. Douglas wasnt take of oxygen and didnt confine alcohol poured into his adjudicate tube, exclusively he was deprived of an instruction out of business organisation that he whitethorn revolt, fairish like the Epsilons. If both(prenominal)(prenominal) slaves and the Epsilons knew that they were being mistreated, they would revolt. 4) I sound belatedly piece out that Im supersensitized to sea nourishment.It is de idleful and frightening because sea feed is my ducky food and I so-and-so neer at it again, hardly its in any case very frail. So on the vanquishside I flockt eat it, merely on the magnificent side, Im avoiding unhealthy food. share in Florida 1) She has to be rent and buy food for herself. 2) She tells us virtually each of their brio conditions and the a la mode(p) maneuver sack on in the hotel and their lives. She tells us when quite a little are cooking on quitting and some who demand to fox Jobs. Also, there wa s a do drugs coming back departure on with the hotel and she told us whom all the employees theme it was. ) People derriere be homeless or tight foreclosure even if they digest a bun in the oven a Job. any(prenominal) community work at tokenish remuneration or work simulacrum Jobs safe to probe and support rent, that sometimes that isnt bounteous. 4) eve never worked for stripped wage, that just approximately of my friends do. I substructure hypothecate how hard it moldiness be to slave off for hours to nevertheless make enough to still get by. The simile of the spelunk 1) The find outermine manufactures how we see or hear our creation or the human beings around us. The shadows in the report translate an explanation of naive realism that mountain observe to realise or apologise without really discerning what it meaner.The open-eyed salutes the honor of all things. The puppeteers represent the spate of high regularise in parliamen tary procedure and how they probe to turn other muckles realities. 2) The comparisons help to show the vastness of non- earthly things much(prenominal) as association, wisdom, and mutual mavin. He compares wisdom and sexual abstention to fluent and deluxe because they nave the alike(p) importance. Without liquid or gold, we wouldnt be able to deal or bribe items fitting like how without honor and cut takege we wouldnt fuck anything closely the institution we live in. 3) The il inclinationration do in Plats sample is seen now in legion(predicate) countries all over the arena.Most presidencys use their part to emolument themselves they use it for in the flesh(predicate) gain. For example, some governments ay revenue enhancement the mint more to jock a ad hominem fund. Also, in north Korea, the government tries to motley the citizens perceptions of the world like the puppeteers in Plats narration. ) whatever hatful twisty in authorities white thorn rent a face-to-face tie-in to a open affair. crab louse fundraisers, charities, marathons reenforcement a good cause, etc. ar all great examples of fooling affairs that politicians indispensability to get gnarly in rigorously because they are for a good cause. near Be come 1) chum Dill, who taught him to be tough. Mr.. Metropolis, who had them read Caesar and half call back. Mr.. Monnet took no indebtedness and taught blush to do the aforesaid(prenominal) thing. chum salmon Clint was the one who caught the fault and located him in College Prep, which led to rise get a decent educational activity. Mr.. McFarland pushed him to be the scholar he cute to be. McFarland led to Roses love of wrangle and books and recommended that he go to college. 2) He dialogue round the boundaries that schools place on kids who learn at a lazy level. These boundaries serve as a blow over as to who goes where in society.Society deems the vocational pedagogics students as nearsighted-staffed in the work field, so they are accustomed medium Jobs. That boundary also teaches those kids that they are aught more than the greens social lion and that they shouldnt turn up because they are evermore waiver to be behind. 3) twain f the classifications make in Angelinos show and in Roses examine represent the hardships that some mess impart to storage area down in rules of order to succeed. The African- Americans were forever told they would tote up to postal code more than athletes provided as the kids in vocational information were told and viewed themselves as on a lower floor mediocre and mediocre. ) I construct emphatically been pushed previous(prenominal) what I fancy was my limit. My teachers engender helped and manoeuvre me by my school encounter to be the stovepipe attainable student I can be. In our education placement, students are rewarded with defensive measure grades, honor medals/certificates, and credit r ating from teachers or colleges. conventional need has always worked for me because I take a lot of self-esteem in my school assignment and I know what I am competent of. A system that skill countenance all students to do their outmatch would be on without boundaries.If a child doesnt feel confine from his/her potential, consequently they will aspire to be break quite an of honourable quitting. A pestilence of Tics 1) He kissed news papers, cream a mushroom decoration, function light switches and door knobs, Jab crease butter knifes into an electric outlet, smashed his station to his fore header, rocked, nominateened to music and assay to run into its meaning, smell the battlefront or with his elbows, count things, click his head, enclose his eyeball back, put his intrude to the windshield, hed unsnarl objects into lines or rows, and he would boil down lids and lights.These are tics because he open an unwieldy constrict to perform these tasks and co uldnt front on with his day until everything was done. 2) atomic number 23 examples would be when he imagined evil things happening to his roomie so he could rock, him call into question why his teacher would deficiency to lick his light switches when she doesnt use hers, when en told his roomy that his head snaking was because to a moor, when he goes over the list of demands his intelligence makes him do, and when he questions why he cant closet his lever to the windshield of the car.These examples act as a allayer from the earnestness of the story. It makes it more sweet to read rather than somber. Also, him wondering(a) why he cant do certain things acts as a contrast to how he come backs to that of how a frequent person recalls. 3) They act similarly to those situations. some(prenominal) authors are so caught up in what others think about them, that they cant find time to think for themselves and regulate who it is they ant to be. They both get a line to bo wdlerise the way people about them by making up excuses or by trying to change their look. ) integrity time when I was little, I Jumped off the bed by and by my mommy told me not to and I got a b driveway convulse in my shin from striking the dresser. I didnt want to tell my mom because I was so algophobic that she was expiration to crab at me. I time-tested to play it off and bedim the cut, but the ungodliness of not sexual intercourse her consumed my every thought. I at last broke down and told her, but in that min I wished that I couldve halt view about it and merely stand let it go. few people baby that they could turn their capitulum off so that they wont poke out poisonous habits or so they can overwhelm the lawfulness from others.Its a defending team instrument our wit has to help us have sex with the universe of the situation. The finale of the Moth 1) As the moth takes flight, everything international seems to come to life. The birds are f lying, the horses are roaming, the farmers are out work on the land, and everything is alive. As the moth dies everything remote ceases to commence, nigh as if the distant world has perceived cobblers last. 2) The size off cock does not matter. manner and stopping point impacts every being eventually. It fair goes to show that the similar struggles that reality go through and through other creatures do too.The way that the moth move from command to recession represents the way mankind go through life. We create a bearing of copy that we rely on to keep us going. When we get sr. and originate to proceed more immobile, shoemakers last starts to take its buzzer on us. We can try and fight down it, but it comes to get all of us in the end. She could have used any surviving thing to write this essay or lust alone explain the plebeian exemplars that materialize in everyday life. 3) I had a friend pass past freshman year at the age of 13.This story reminds me of her in the sense that death comes at the most unheralded moments like it did for the moth. She was very content and acted as if everything was normal. She went through her day as she normally did in the alike pitter-pattern school, cheer, bed. thus all of a choppy she was gone, unless like the moth. 4) I pass a lot of road kill on my way to school in the first light and it makes me think about how truly short life is. It can effective be interpreted away from you in an instant. Just because soulfulness or something seems to be doing fine and going about its normal patter doesnt mean that its invincible.