Louis Armstrong And The Harlem Renaissance - 950 Words

Jazz was originated by African Americans it is a genre of music that uses mainly brass, woodwind, and piano. It became popular in the 20th century during the Harlem Renaissance where many famous jazz artists arose. Louis Armstrong was one of the most well known jazz artist of his time. Louis Armstrong was a trumpeter, bandleader, singer, soloist, film star, and comedian. He was considered one of the most influential artists in jazz history. Louis Armstrong was a famous musician during the Harlem renaissance because of his skills with a trumpet. Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was raised by Mary Albert his mother and not so much by William Armstrong his father. He had a hard childhood, his father was a factory worker who left right after he was born his mother who turned to prostitution most of the time for money would leave him behind with his grandmother. Louis Armstrong was forced to leave school in the 5th grade to start working. He worked for a Jewish family picking up trash and delivering coal. The Jewish family pushed Louis Armstrong to sing while he was young. In 1912 he got arrested on New Years Eve for shooting his step fathers gun in the air, he was arrested on the spot then sent to Colored Waif’s Home for Boys. While he was there he got musical lessons on the cornet and that’s when he fell in love with music. He was released from the home in 1914 and started pursuing his life of making music. Louis Armstrong careerShow MoreRelated Biography of Louis Armstrong Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesLouis Armstrong was born in one of the poorest sections in New Orleans, August 4, 1901. Louis a hard-working kid who helped his mother and sister by working every type of job there was, including going out on street corners at night to singing for coins. Slowly making money, Louis bought his first horn, a cornet. At age eleven Armstrong was sent to juvenile Jones Home for the colored waifs for firing a pistol on New Year’s Eve. While in jail Armstrong received his first formal music lesson from oneRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance and Its Effect on the American Dream1541 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance and its Effect on the American Dream What was the Harlem Renaissance? The Harlem Renaissance was a period of time in American history that emphasized African American culture in the form of music, art, and poetry. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s was plagued by poverty and racial inequality. African Americans held the dream of upward mobility and racial equality, through mediums such as poetry and jazz: a new form of music originating from the African American communityRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : A Cultural, Social, And Artistic Explosion840 Words   |  4 Pagesexplosion that took place in Harlem between 1919-1929 became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a great time period in history for blacks. The Harlem Renaissance included great artists such as Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, James Baldwin, and more. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in which blacks asserted themselves by embracing their racial identity and appreciating their African heritage. In my opinion the Harlem Renaissance gave blacks a sense a pride. ItRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance, A Cultural Movement Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesAlly Johnson November 13, 2016 African American History Art, Music, Literature†¦Freedom. The Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 1920s and continued until the early 1930s, brought excitement and a new found freedom and voice to the African-Americans who had been silent and oppressed for far too long. â€Å"Centered on the Harlem district of New York City, the Harlem Renaissance was part of a nationwide urban revolution sparked by World War I. The cultural outburst, which followedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1154 Words   |  5 PagesIV AP 16 November 2015 The Harlem Renaissance The early 1900s was a time marked with tragedy in America. Started and ended with the Great Depression in between, it was not America s finest moment. Prohibition was in place, the Klu Klux Klan was still marching, and the Lost Generation was leaving for Paris. But despite the troubling times, people still found beauty and meaning in the world around them. They still created art and celebrated life. The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literaryRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : The Cultural And Artistic Explosion745 Words   |  3 Pages Natalyn Rico Mr.Flores February 7, 2016 History IB Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the social, cultural and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem during the end of World War 1. The time of the 1920’s was a time of change for everyone. During the 1920’s, the Harlem Renaissance was the most influential movement where African Americans came together and created multiple things that was uniqueRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance, A Social, Cultural, And Artistic Movement1298 Words   |  6 Pages The Harlem Renaissance was a social, cultural, and artistic movement that started in Harlem, New York during the 1920’s. Although it is generally considered to span from 1918 to the mid-1930, many of its ideas continue today. â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance was a phase of a larger New Negro movement that had emerged in the early 20th century and in some ways ushered in the civil rights movement of the late 1940’s and early 1950’s† (Thomas, 2017). â€Å"The social foundations of this mo vement included the GreatRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Jazz : Comparison1270 Words   |  6 PagesJephthe Renelique Professor Moring 20th Century Humanities February 25 2015 Louis Armstrong and Jazz Between the years 1910 and 1920 the first great migration of African Americans from the Jim Crow South to the more urban and modernized sent shockwaves throughout African American community and culture. Isabel Wilkerson states in her book the warmth of other suns â€Å"Six million black Southerners moving out of the terror of Jim Crow to an uncertain existence in the North and Midwest. (Wilkerson 56)Read MoreLouis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, And Nat King Cole Essay2010 Words   |  9 Pages Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, and Nat King Cole. These men all lived vastly different lives, but one exploit that they will always hold in common is that they helped to develop jazz into the integral part of music it exists as today. Jazz created a form of expression that allowed an entire generation to show what they valued and what they represented in life, which is exactly what the men I mentioned earlier did. Accordingly, they did not just make catchy tunes for da ncing to andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Essay1977 Words   |  8 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 1920s, brought an excitement and a new found freedom and voice to African-Americans who had been silent and oppressed for a long time. The evolution of African-American culture, expressed through art, music and creative writings, and establishing roots in European-American society became known as the Harlem Renaissance. (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†) After the American Civil War ended in 1865 more jobs and education became available for black

The Emergency Management Planning Process - 1305 Words

Life is full of unexpected disasters as well as calculated ones. As a whole, society cannot account for all disasters that will occur nor can we successful eliminate the results of these disasters. That’s why in most advanced societies there are people in place to manage and or monitor natural disasters. These people are in charge of the planning process and execution of emergency management systems or operations. They are essentially the people responsible for ensuring that when a disaster whether natural or acts of fate occur the effect on the community or society as whole is minimal. The emergency manager or planner is to follow a strategic planning process that encompasses a variety of aspects including but not limited to a†¦show more content†¦The first step in the emergency process as stated in the introduction is to form a collaborative planning team that will take the emergency situation head on. The team must understand emergency planning as well as the ability to collaborate on an intellectual level with other team members. Each member must have the same goal as well as objective. These objectives include providing safety for people, property as well as facilities. The members must be comprehensive, which includes provisions to assess the severity of potential hazard. The team will then move on to take steps to eliminating the disaster or problem. In conclusion, the collaborative planning team must understand the four fundamental theories of disasters. This serves to develop the most effective plan or process for disaster relief. The four fundamental theories of disasters include acts of fate or God, acts of nature or natural disasters, joint effects of nature and society and social constructions. Although each disaster take on a different persona, the collaborative planning team can learn from past emergency situations to aide in the understanding of the situation. Understanding a situation is essentially gathering info rmation and facts that arise from the situation. The emergency management team is to stick to the planning principle when gaining anShow MoreRelatedEmergency Management : A Threat Of Public Safety1451 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Management is an important aspect in our everyday daily lives. Emergencies can arise any place at any time on any day. The nature of any disaster can be unpredictable and may change in scope and impact. When an emergency is encountered there is a threat of public safety, the community, properties, the economy, infrastructure, public health, etc. Disaster Management is not a problem solver it does not avert or eliminate the threats made, it mainly focuses on eradicating the severityRead MoreThe Importance of Continuity of Services in Emergency Management Planning623 Words   |  3 PagesEmergency Management Planning Introduction objective of this study is to identify an important aspect of an Emergency Management Plan. It is the position of this writer that continuity of services is the most important aspect of the Emergency Management plan. I. Emergency Management Planning A ten-step approach to continuity planning is reported to be inclusive of the following ten steps: (1) Conduct risk assessment; (2) protect staff and patrons; (3) Creation of procedures that ensureRead MoreEssay about Knoxville, Tennessee Emergency Operations Plan989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction An emergency operations plan for the community in which we live is a document of great importance to each of us whether we know it or not. This paper examines the emergency action plan for Knoxville, Tennessee. In the course of the examination, it will compare and analyze the plan for Knoxville with the standards set forth in the textbook for this course along with other recognized sources in the field of emergency management. Knoxville, Tennessee With a population of nearly oneRead MoreThe Accounting Software Installation Project Case Study1680 Words   |  7 Pages49285: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SUBJECT OUTLINE Subject Number: Emergency Management Credit Points: 6 Subject Coordinator: Dr Jaya Kandasamy Subject Lecturer: Peter Garland Semester/Year: Spring 2007 Prerequisites: Completed a degree course Co-requisites: Nil, but a basic knowledge of local government procedures is helpful Anti-requisites: Nil, although some previous experience in local government and emergency management is usefulRead MoreEmergency Department Bottleneck1309 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Joyan Thomas University of Phoenix Online OPS/HC 571 Patience McGee March 7, 2011 Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Introduction Most hospitals experience the affects of the unexpected, ambiguity and uncertainty, and as a result, face challenges with quality. Middletown Hospital is a 200-bed general not-for-profit hospital. The hospital has a 20-bed Emergency Department (ED). It averages 100 patients per day. The CEO of the hospitalRead MoreEssay on Federal Disaster Planning and Relief620 Words   |  3 PagesThis paper will discuss information on the federal disaster planning and relief program, and explain how the program raises issues of federalism, and the pros and cons from two perspectives. Disaster planning is the development and documenting of a plan that will allow an organization to recover from a catastrophic event. It should include procedures that are appropriate to the function and size of the business (Bucki, J.) As where disaster relief is the services or monies available to individualsRead MoreEmergency Planning And Community And Emergency Preparedness911 Words   |  4 Pageslittle time for preparation. Emergency planning involves the process of identifying the potential hazardous situations that would compromise the safety and security, or make an emergency situation worse, and trying to minimize such conditions in advance in the attempt to reduce the severity of the emergency.In the United Kingdom, part one of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 provides the guidelines for preparedness of organizations. A similar law, known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-KnowRead MoreEssay on Phases of Emergency Management915 Words   |  4 PagesEmergenc y Management Emergency management is often described in terms of â€Å"phases,† using terms such as mitigate, prepare, respond and recover. The main purpose of this assignment is to examine the origins, underlying concepts, variations, limitations, and implications of the â€Å"phases of emergency management.† In this paper we will look at definitions and descriptions of each phase or component of emergency management, the importance of understanding interrelationships and responsibilities for eachRead MoreThe Community Emergency Response ( Cert )1379 Words   |  6 Pagesresponse. The Community Emergency Response (CERT) course is one way the community can educate or update itself on the importance of writings and words of practitioners and scholars alike. There are exercises that can help the community to get a better understanding of the realities of response through drills, tabletop exercises, functional exercise, and full-scale exercise. By engaging in these activities, one is able to identify any shortfalls or failures that may exist in planning, training, organizationRead MoreExploring Terrorism And Terrorism1312 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Framework (NRF) from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) describes these areas as the five pillars of emergency management that combine to create the National Preparedness Goal (FEMA 2013). The NRF, like most emergency response plans, is designed to be flexible, scalable, and adaptable to fit a variety of situations under an all-hazards approach to emergency and disaster management. Many state and local jurisdictions model their own emergency operations plans after the NRF in an effort

Solar Energy and Its Social Consequences Essay Example For Students

Solar Energy and Its Social Consequences Essay To understand the social consequences of solar energy, one must be aware of what solar energy is. Solar energy is a radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion reactions. It is transmitted to the earth through space in quanta of energy called photons, which interact with the earths atmosphere and surface. The strength of solar radiation at the outer edge of the earths atmosphere when the earth is at its average distance from the sun is called the solar constant. The intensity of energy actually available at the earths surface is less than the solar constant because of the absorption and scattering of radiant energy as photons interact with the earths atmosphere (Thorsen, 1997, Encarta). The amount and strength of the solar energy available at any point on the earth depends on the day of the year, time of day, the latitude of the collection point, and the orientation of the object used in collection. The earth is rich in abundant natural resources. However, the earths natural resources are being consumed at an astronomical rate. It will only be a matter of time before those resources are depleted and we are forced to consider other alternatives. We can wait until every resource has been consumed and go back to living the way mankind did a century ago, or we can continue to move forward and explore the possibilities of harnessing the power of something that remains constant in our livesthe sun. Mankind has been using the natural energy of the sun for ages. Interactions between the suns energy, the oceans, and the atmosphere produce winds that have been used for centuries to turn windmills. Modern applications of wind energy, when attached to generators, produce electricity. Through photosynthesis, solar energy contributes to the growth of plant life masses that can be used as fuel, such as alcohol or methane. Solar energy is a clean and safe source of natural energy that should be considered as an alternative energy source for the future. The sun is not indigenous to any one country. It is a resource that can be utilized globally. Individuals and countries could possibly become more self sufficient in energy resources (Alcorn, 1997, p. 212). An idea that has been proposed to produce power on a large scale would involve placing giant solar modules in earths orbit where energy generated from sunlight would be converted to microwaves and beamed to antennas on earth to be converted to electric power (Thorsen, 1997, Encarta). To produce as much power a five nuclear power plants, ten million pounds and several square miles of solar collectors would have to be assembled in orbit and an earth based antenna five miles in diameter would be required. This vision requires an exorbitant amount of money. To my knowledge, there isnt a government on earth that is willing, thus far, to fund such a project. The potential future uses of solar energy are confronted with opposition. So far, the cost of constructing devices that would be able to harness a free energy source is at the top of the list. I realize there is a lot of money involved, but I really cant think of any technological discovery that was free to begin with. Every invention has come about through scientific research, and research requires money. Some have expressed concern regarding certain industries having to change their products to supply the new needs of society (Alcorn, 1997, p. 213). Due to new and expected futures advances in technology, the world will always be forever changing. Some industries will initially absorb some monetary and opportunity costs, but it is the price they will have to pay for progression. Another public concern is Mother Nature. If we experience too many cloudy days in a row; then we will need a backup source of energy. Perhaps it would be a good idea to explore the possibilities and fund the research for solar energy before we deplete our backup resources. .

The International Declaration Of Human Rights Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper International Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms History After the war offenses committed by the Germans in the holocaust that occurred during World War II, the United states decided to make a papers vouching regard for human rights and cardinal freedoms for all people, irrespective of race, sex, linguistic communication, or faith. This papers was called The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The declaration was voted in on December 10, 1948, which is now celebrated each twelvemonth as Human Rights Day. The Declaration says that all human existences are born free and equal and establishes basic rights for all people and regulations for the actions of authoritiess in many countries refering to those rights. For illustration, it says that all people have the right to liberty, spiritual and political freedom, instruction, and economic wellbeing. It bans anguish and provinces that all people have the right to take part in their authoritiess. We will write a custom essay sample on The International Declaration Of Human Rights Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The declaration is non a jurisprudence, unluckily, and in some instances has had small existent consequence on the member states of the UN. Governments with hapless human rights records, such as China, do non hold with the UN s efforts to advance human rights, stating that such actions interfere with their internal personal businesss. The UN has a Commission on Human Rights. Its occupation is to supervise maltreatments of the declaration in member states, hold international meetings on human rights issues and manage ailments about misdemeanors to the basic human rights. It was in 1993 that the General Assembly created the place of High Commissioner for Human Rights. The commissioner occupation is to supervise all of the UN s human rights plans, work to forestall human rights misdemeanors, and look into human rights maltreatments. It is besides in the commissioner s power to publicise maltreatments to human rights taking topographic point in any state. However most promotion about ma ltreatments to human rights does non come from the UN but from rival states or non-governmental groups like Amnesty International The UN has besides written four international pacts on human rights. These pacts do hold the force of jurisprudence but are really hard to implement. The pacts deal merely with the jobs of race murder, racial favoritism, civil and political rights, and economic and societal rights. These four pacts have merely been signed by about half of the states of the universe. Notably the United States has merely signed the pact refering race murder. Other states have besides refused to subscribe the conventions because of concerns about the specific footings of the conventions and the loss of authorization that such pacts imply. Recent Human Rights Activities The UN s most good known recent activities covering with human rights are the two International Criminal Tribunals held to convey to justice those responsible for the atrocious Acts of the Apostless of force c ommitted during the recent civil wars in the former states of Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The court for offenses committed in the former Yugoslavia was established by the UN s Security Council in 1993. The council started the Rwanda court in 1994. They are the first international war offenses tests since the N rnberg Tests for Nazi war felons that followed World War II. Although the courts were established by the Security Council, they operated independently of the UN. The tests depend on parts from states to maintain operating and were frequently hampered by fiscal deficits. Another more serious job was the inability to collar suspects in states that do non acknowledge the pacts brought in by the UN as valid. The Yugoslav court indicted 75 people for war offenses and race murder, including the top military and political leaders of the Serb forces in Bosnia and a high officer in the Croatian reserves in Bosnia but neither Serbia nor the Bosnian Serb forces have turned over suspects. The international military forces in Bosnia have besides refused to collar them. The president of Croatia really gave an indicted officer a publicity and decorations. In 1997 t he court had merely a smattering of low-ranking suspects to really convey to test. Impact Many critics of the UN claim that the International Declaration Of Human rights has had really small existent impact on violations to any of the rights outlined in it since it does non transport the force of jurisprudence. In many instances this is true, China still has virtually no freedom of address, in the former state of Yugoslavia there are still studies of cultural cleaning and atrocious offenses against humanity committed by both sides. What the Declaration has done is spoken up. Before it was put into composing there was no existent lineation for how people should be treated or what are the most basic in alienable rights that should be given to any human being. Another thing the declaration has done is cause people to stand up and take notice of human rights issues in the universe. Before it was drafted, many instances affecting human rights were merely ignored or kept quiet. Take for illustration merely earlier World War Two, Nazi Germany was known to desire to exting uish a great per centum of people non suiting into their Indo-european maestro race, yet they still hosted the Olympics of 1936. At those Olympics they refused to allow a gold decoration to a Judaic individual, Jesse Owens, and still America and many other states chose to disregard Germany for political grounds. After the war, about in response to the declarations, assorted human rights organisations, such as amnesty international have been created. They about ever use the Declaration as their basic lineation for the rights of human existences. These groups bring much attending to the human rights jobs of the universe. A good illustration was the ulterior war in Vietnam, protests in the United States over unjust intervention of enemy civilians is one of the chief grounds they were forced to draw out. So in decision I must state that cipher can reason that coercing people to stand up and take notice is the lone manner to extinguish a job and that is what the Declaration has achieved.

My Most Memorable Event in School Essays

My Most Memorable Event in School Essays My Most Memorable Event in School Paper My Most Memorable Event in School Paper Essay Topic: 7th Grade 8th Grade Middle School My most memorable event in school I emigrated from Taiwan to the U. S. when I was 7th grade to receive a better education. I was enrolled into Montserrat middle school when I migrated. Although I thought that My English level was good and fluent enough at the time; I got placed in an ELD (English Language Development) class. I soon earned my teacher’s (Ms. Kuwait) trust and validation in class. My most memorable event in school is the first day of my ELD class. I and my guardian went to registration for middle school during the summer. The receptionist asked me all kinds of question to know where my level of education is. The receptionist also told us that there was no guarantee that I am going to be admitted into the school since more people are registering that the number of people allowed to be entering the school. My other option is to try to be enrolled into Morrill middle school, but both of my guardians said the other school is a place where most of the Mexicans and drug dealers are and they are worried that students in the school will influence me. As soon as I heard their comment about Morrill middle, I begin to worry about my future. The era of anxiety ended when my schedule at Sierramont got mailed home. The first day of school in a unfamiliar environment is always the scariest and one of the most exciting school day. Meeting new classmates, new teachers and getting to know more about the school is all part of this new school year. As I get seated in the ELD classroom, Ms. Kuawada started to introduce new students to the class and started an activity in which students have to know about each other. During the activity, I discovered that some of the classmates are people who came from Taiwan and I became friends with them. Ms Kuawada also gave us a test to see what our English level is, as oon as I finished the test, I found out that my English level is not as good as what I have expected. I am so glad that I joined the ELD class since it has helped me a lot in English and I recommend this class to people who have problems with English. As a result of ELD I got transferred into a regular class when I was 8th grade. I also learned more about the history, vocabulary of English. I have l earned a valuable lesson that whatever you think about yourself it might not always be true in some cases. I have also learned that even some basic knowledge will assist you to a higher level of education.

Uses for Muriatic Acid or Hydrochloric Acid

Uses for Muriatic Acid or Hydrochloric Acid Muriatic acid  is another name for hydrochloric acid, which is one of the strong acids. The product is usually between 5% and 35% hydrochloric acid in water. Do you use muriatic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid as a household chemical? If so, what uses do you have for it? Readers answer this question: Key Takeaways: Muriatic Acid Uses Muriatic acid is a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water.The acid has a distinctive pungent smell and is highly corrosive.Muriatic acid has many commercial uses in addition to household uses. The acid reacts with other chemicals to remove stains and contaminants. Uses for Muriatic/Hydrochloric Acid Use it to lower the pH and total alkalinity of your swimming pool. - frd It worked I used muriatic acid for tile cleaning a large number of tiles at once. It restores the tiles to a normal state. - Ifediba Paul N Hydrochloric/ Muratic Acid I use hydrochloric acid using a 3:1 ratio with water (acid 3 : water 1). We just moved into a newly built house and the tiles in the bathroom are covered with grout, so I use the solution above to clean the grout off the tile. I also use the undiluted muratic acid to clean (with a sprayer) iron off the concrete around my pool. - Anonymous Make your own soldering flux Dissolve pure zinc (e.g., from a dry-cell case) in muriatic acid to make your own acid flux for soldering. Several articles via Google will show how. Be sure to follow safety hints! NOT a project for kids! - Guest tkjtkj Disposal? I had some old muriatic acid sitting in a room for more than a year. I noticed there was some crystals or something that looks like salt on the outside of the bottle. I wonder if it is in fact a salt. And what is the best way to dispose of it? - forrest muriatic acid I use muriatic acid to melt concrete off our delivery trucks. - joe Sometimes you just have to use it. Some stains just wont go away with anything else. An example is manganese staining a toilet bowl. Ive got manganese in my water and the treatment tanks dont get all of it. - Al muriatic acid I use muriatic acid or hydrochloric acid to clean the algae growth from the bottom of my boat. Be sure to wet the concrete well thats under and around your boat or youll end up with with a ghost pattern of your boat. Keep the acids away from grass and aluminum. - bob c Cleans gunk off shower stalls, easily It makes cleaning old shower stalls a breeze. But you have to be careful and wear gloves of course. Also, open a window before you start using it so you have proper ventilation. Now theres no need to try to endlessly scrub away stubborn gunk. Muriatic acid is the way to go when you have tough cleaning jobs. - Evie Are You Kidding? Seriously? I wouldnt have that chemical in my house or my garage! Its too dangerous. What if a kid or a pet spilled it or something. There have to be better chemicals to use than acid. - No Way Concrete Cleaner I use muriatic acid to clean the yuck off of concrete. Its also good to prep it for a sealant or other treatment. - Acidzzz Commercial Uses of Muriatic Acid The most common household use of muriatic acid is as a descaling agent, however, the chemical has many other applications. Hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry to make polyvinyl chloride, which in turn is used to produce several types of plastic. It is used to synthesize and purify both organic and inorganic compounds, regenerate ion exchange columns, perform titrations for chemical analysis, and control pH. The acid finds use in the food industry in the production of gelatin, fructose, citric acid, lysine, aspartame, and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. It is also a food additive used to control acidity. Hydrochloric acid is used in steel pickling, leather production. In the petroleum industry, hydrochloric acid may be injected into a rock formation to make the rock more porous and stimulate oil production. Household uses include cleaning mortar from bricks, de-scaling mineral deposits from kettles, and removing metallic stains. Gastric acid in the human digestive tract makes use of hydrochloric acid to denature proteins and protect against pathogens.

Article of Jennifer A Colemans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article of Jennifer A Colemans - Essay Example I can vouch for the validity of this argument since most females I come into contact with are always complaining about how ‘fat’ and ‘ugly’ they look. This sort of thinking can be potentially damaging to the human psyche. In the concluding paragraph, Coleman states how discrimination on grounds of religion, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation are not tolerated with severe consequences for, for example, employers treating their employees this way. She laments that discrimination due to weight is not only tolerated, fat people are taught to accept it as their due, the whole thing being reinforced by the attitudes of people in our daily lives. I can relate to this sort of singling out and do agree that such ‘offenders’ are allowed to go unpunished. A joke about fat or over-weight people is as disturbing and as wrong as a racial comment. I also agree with Coleman when she says that such behavior should not be tolerated, though I must admit I am n ot overly fussed when such remarks are directed towards me. Finally, I want to state that a person’s body type or their weight is not an indicator of their personality. People should eat healthily and stay fit for their own sake and not because they want to please others. The main difference between Coleman’s approach and mine, when it comes to this issue, is that I do not take the opinion of others so personally, nor do I think it is my duty to conform according to what society tells me. If one is comfortable in their own self, there is no way society can make one feel bad.

Proportion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proportion Paper - Essay Example for a proportion, sample size required for a proportion, confidence interval for the difference of two proportion, comparison of a proportion with hypothesized proportion, and comparison of two proportions will be discussed. Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for a Proportion state that â€Å"As sample size increases, the distribution of the sample proportion p = x/n approaches a normal distribution with mean Ï€ and standard deviation.† The statistic p = x/n is assumed normally distributed when the sample is large. A conservative rule of thumb that normality may be assumed whenever nÏ€ ≠¥ 10 and n(1 − Ï€) ≠¥ 10. This rule requires a very large sample size to assume normality when Ï€ differs greatly from 0.50 (Doane & Seward 2007). Using the Central Limit Theorem, the probability that a sample proportion will fall within a given interval can be stated. The confidence interval for a population proportion, Ï€ at a given confidence level (1 – ÃŽ ±) is given by The value of z can be obtained using normal table (Z table) or using Excel function NORMINV(ÃŽ ±/2). The width of the confidence interval for a population proportion, Ï€ depends on the sample size, confidence level (1 – ÃŽ ±), and the sample proportion p. The estimate of difference and standard deviation of two-population proportion can be given by and , respectively. Using this estimate, a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions, (Ï€1− Ï€2), is given by For normal sampling distribution, the test statistic for the hypothesis test will be z score. This test statistic is compared with critical value of z score at the selected level of significance, ÃŽ ± for retaining or rejecting null hypothesis (H0). The test statistic for a population proportion with hypothesized proportion Ï€0 is the difference between the sample proportion p and the hypothesized proportion Ï€0 divided by the estimated standard error of the proportion (denoted ÏÆ'p) as given below The assumptions of comparison

Salem Witch Trials and Vengeance Essay Example for Free

Salem Witch Trials and Vengeance Essay In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, vengeance plays a major role in the actions of the characters through the witchcraft trials in the Puritan village of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Anger, jealousy, rejection, and betrayal all occur throughout the play and are all things that could provoke someone to seek vengeance on someone else. Abigail Williams, niece of Reverend Parris, is one of the main characters who is very guilty of wanting vengeance on others throughout The Crucible. In Act I, the reader gets a taste of who each character is and the previous troubles theyve had with each other at Reverend Parris house, where many of the characters have come to check on Betty who is supposedly ill after a night of dancing in the woods. Abigail shows that she does not favor Elizabeth Proctor when Parris asks her why she was no longer a servant for the Proctor household. Abigail replied to him, â€Å"She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. Its a bitter woman, a lying, cold, sniveling woman, and I will not work for such a woman! † (Miller 1240). This statement foreshadows that there was an incident between the Proctors and Abigail while she was working for them. Then once Abigail and John Proctor are alone in Bettys room, she speaks to him about his affair with her and how she waits for him every night. He then tells her, â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. Wipe it out of mind. We never touched, Abby. † (Miller 1246). This greatly angered Abigail. Feeling a sense of rejection, she decided that she needed to seek vengeance on Elizabeth, since she is unable to be with John. Also, when Abigail was alone with Betty and Mary Warren, she threatened to get vengeance on them if either of them turned her in. â€Å"And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! † (Miller 1244). After reading about Abigails anger towards the other characters, it is very evident that she will be a major problem throughout the rest of the play. Knowing that Abigail was very angry about John Proctor, it was like her character to get accusations in order against Elizabeth Proctor. Not only did Abigail hate Elizabeth, but she also saw her as the only thing holding John back from being with her, which is selfish, yet typical. In Act II John and Elizabeth end up arguing about him going into Salem that day, which turned into an argument about Johns affair with Abigail. It is then, that Mary Warren comes home with a poppet to give to Elizabeth as a gift. Once Mary informs them that Elizabeths name was mentioned in court she automatically knows that Abigail has to be behind this searching for vengeance. â€Å"It is her dearest hope, John, I know it. There be a thousand names; why does she call mine? There be a certain danger in calling such a name I am no Goody Good that sleeps in ditches, nor Osburn, drunk and half-witted. Shed dare not call out such a farmers wife but there be monstrous profit in it. She thinks to take my place, John. † (Miller 1274). When Elizabeth was about to get taken away after finding the poppet, John was angry and said, â€Å"If she is innocent! Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as Gods fingers? Ill tell you whats walking Salem vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law! This warrants vengeance! Ill not give my wife to vengeance! † (Miller 1283). Act III of The Crucible takes place in court and John Proctor ends up confessing to having an affair with Abigail when he says, â€Å"She used to serve me in my house, sir. A man may think God sleeps, but God sees everything. I know it now. I beg you, sir, I beg you see her what she is She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance† (Miller 1309). Not only did this cause an emotional breakdown for John, it also disclosed that Abigail only set Elizabeth up with the needle in the poppet to get her out of the way so she could be with John. Even though Abigail had managed to get vengeance on Elizabeth Proctor, she still did not reach her goal of being with John Proctor. Instead, all of her conniving tricks, ridiculous accusing, ealousy, lying and pretending led John to his death; leaving Abigail Williams with nothing but â€Å"his name†. In this play, the salvation of innocent people has been sacrificed for the satisfaction of one seeking vengeance on another; innocent or not, confession was the only way to get out of death. It goes to show that vengeance can go a long way if the hatred, jealousy and anger is strong enough. In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, vengeance plays a major role in the actions of the characters through the witchcraft trials in the Puritan village of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692.

American Gothic in Sleepy Hollow, Ligeia and They Got a Hell of a Band

American Gothic in Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Poe's Ligeia and Stephen King's You Know They Got a Hell of a Band      Ã‚  Ã‚   America is haunted, by headless horsemen and bloody battles, by addiction and a self gratifying obsession with immortality. America has a long-standing tradition with the gothic, and some of our most widely recognized authors, such as Washington Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, and Stephen King, a more recent author borrowed from popular literature, utilize it frequently if not wholly in their writing. The gothic is an intrinsic part of our national identity, inhabiting our folklore, our literature, and influencing the way in which we view our celebrities and ultimately, ourselves. In his commentary on the gothic, Nightmare on Main Street, Mark Edmunson offers his take on the relationship between national identity and the form: Unsentimental, enraged by gentility and high-mindedness, skeptical about progress in any form, the Gothic mind is antithetical to all smiling American faiths. A nation of ideals, America has also been, not surprisingly, a nation of hard disillusionment, with a fiercely reactive Gothic Imagination. (4-5) There is much to American Gothicism. It lies deeply in the conscious awareness of the culture. Its roots are as diverse as the witch trials and the knowledge that one race of people committed genocide against another in order to obtain the land where our most illustrious universities and homogenous strip malls now sit. The character of America is in itself a gothic one. We hold aloft one set of ideas about freedom and equality, while graciously looking the other way when the savage hypocrisy that keeps the daily functions of life on an even keel rears its ugly ... ...st beneath the surface of our every day realities. Works Cited Edmunson, Mark. Nightmare on Main Street. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. Lauter, Paul, et al., eds. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Vol 1. New York: Haughton Mifflin Co., 1997. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Lauter et al. 1354-1373. Poe, Edgar Allan. "Ligeia." Lauter et al. 1450-1461. Ringe, Donald A. American Gothic: Imagination and Reason in Nineteenth-Century Fiction. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1982. Savoy, Eric. "The Face of the Tenant: A Theory of American Gothic." American Gothic: New Interventions in a National Narrative. Ed. Robert K. Martin et al. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1998. 3-19. White, Craig. Lecture. University of Houston-Clear Lake. Clear Lake, TX, 6 March. 2001    American Gothic in Sleepy Hollow, Ligeia and They Got a Hell of a Band American Gothic in Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Poe's Ligeia and Stephen King's You Know They Got a Hell of a Band      Ã‚  Ã‚   America is haunted, by headless horsemen and bloody battles, by addiction and a self gratifying obsession with immortality. America has a long-standing tradition with the gothic, and some of our most widely recognized authors, such as Washington Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, and Stephen King, a more recent author borrowed from popular literature, utilize it frequently if not wholly in their writing. The gothic is an intrinsic part of our national identity, inhabiting our folklore, our literature, and influencing the way in which we view our celebrities and ultimately, ourselves. In his commentary on the gothic, Nightmare on Main Street, Mark Edmunson offers his take on the relationship between national identity and the form: Unsentimental, enraged by gentility and high-mindedness, skeptical about progress in any form, the Gothic mind is antithetical to all smiling American faiths. A nation of ideals, America has also been, not surprisingly, a nation of hard disillusionment, with a fiercely reactive Gothic Imagination. (4-5) There is much to American Gothicism. It lies deeply in the conscious awareness of the culture. Its roots are as diverse as the witch trials and the knowledge that one race of people committed genocide against another in order to obtain the land where our most illustrious universities and homogenous strip malls now sit. The character of America is in itself a gothic one. We hold aloft one set of ideas about freedom and equality, while graciously looking the other way when the savage hypocrisy that keeps the daily functions of life on an even keel rears its ugly ... ...st beneath the surface of our every day realities. Works Cited Edmunson, Mark. Nightmare on Main Street. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. Lauter, Paul, et al., eds. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Vol 1. New York: Haughton Mifflin Co., 1997. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Lauter et al. 1354-1373. Poe, Edgar Allan. "Ligeia." Lauter et al. 1450-1461. Ringe, Donald A. American Gothic: Imagination and Reason in Nineteenth-Century Fiction. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1982. Savoy, Eric. "The Face of the Tenant: A Theory of American Gothic." American Gothic: New Interventions in a National Narrative. Ed. Robert K. Martin et al. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1998. 3-19. White, Craig. Lecture. University of Houston-Clear Lake. Clear Lake, TX, 6 March. 2001   

Delivering interventions Essay

Critiquing an article is fundamental to research utilization and evidence based practice. The process of research critique is an intellectual activity which will help one decide as to what extent research maybe useful in practice; to see if the findings are trustworthy, and be able to compare it with other related research. While the term â€Å"research† has been used rather freely in the past, there has also been a tendency to perceive research as an end in itself rather than as a means to an end, namely improvement in the quality of care provided to patients. As LoBiondo-Wood et al. (2002) mention, â€Å"the meaning of quality research should contribute to knowledge relevant to care and service. Further, research should provide a specialized scientific knowledge base that empowers a profession to anticipate and meet these challenges and maintain its societal relevance†. The internet once again has proven that it is the most powerful tool to disseminate informations worldwide. It has been used for health and medical informations with over millions of internet users nowadays as it has the capacity to disseminate psychoeducation especially to those who may have not seek formal treatment for mental and health services for a minimal cost. Moreover, it has the capacity for online interventions to a large audience and over a third says that their health has improved. Further, its programs can be modified to suit the needs of its users as they can be alerted anytime to change and track updates or for follow-up of their case encompassing geological barriers. This paper will critique the seminar on â€Å"Delivering internet interventions for depression: Free range users and one hit wonders†by Helen Christensen, Kathy Griffiths, Chloe Groves, Ailsa Korten, based on the journal article â€Å"Free range users and one hit wonders: community users of an Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 40:59–62. Research Purpose and Aim The research problem is a â€Å"situation in need of a solution, improvement or alteration or a discrepancy in the way things are or the way they ought to be† (Burns & Grove, 1993). The article, â€Å"â€Å"Free range users and one hit wonders: community users of an Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program (2006) is a study to evaluate the predictors of symptoms change or the methods that might increase user ‘compliance’ on websites designed to improve mental health outcomes (p. 59). The aims of the study are twofold: first is to examine predictors of expected final depression and anxiety scores as a function of characteristics such as gender, number of modules completed, and initial anxiety and depression scores of users; and second is to compare user characteristics and outcomes from the original MoodGYM site (Mark I) with those of public registrants of the new public version of the site (MoodGYM Mark II). For this second aim of the paper, comparison is made for gender, initial depression and anxiety scores, and completion rates for the two site versions to examine whether structural changes to the site resulted in different user (p. 61). This study is important for online users as it hope to show that shorter interventions lead to similar health outcomes and that even brief burst of information lead to increased help seeking. In addition, this study is important for online healthcare providers like MoodGYM to find out if website adherence or â€Å"stickiness† will be helped resolved or cease to be an issue (p. 62). Hypothesis and Research Questions In a research study, the researcher must formulate as many hypotheses as needed to address all aspects of the research problem. Research hypothesis directs the research study, unifies theory and reality and helps extend the knowledge base. It is a statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables; it provides direction for gathering and interpreting data and identifies the population to be studied. Wood & Haber (1998) pointed out that hypotheses are never proven; they are accepted or rejected, or supported or not supported. Christensen et al. used a directional hypothesis as they specified the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables where the dependent variable was the final score and independent variables were gender, number of modules completed (treated as three dummy variables), initial depression score and a quadratic function of the initial score. Hence, the following research hypotheses were tested: a) that shorter internet interventions are associated with decreased depression symptoms, b) that even brief burst of information lead to increased helpseeking (one hit wonders) and c) that much better outcome is expected if users could be retained on the site for longer periods of time. (p. 60). This research is a follow-up study since the previous research have shown that the interactive program called the MoodGym has delivered cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as effective as those compared to an attention placebo condition in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms ( Christensen & Jorm, 2004). The previous study have subsequently shown that outcomes for spontaneous users of the site are of the same magnitude as those of trial participants enrolled in our randomized controlled trial (Christensen, et. al. , 2004). Hence the research questions arising for this study could be: 1) Can shorter internet interventions results to the same decreased depression symptoms as that of the RCT? 2) Can brief burst of informations increased help seeking and do â€Å"one hit wonders†? and 3) How could users be retained on the site for longer periods of time? Methods of the Study The online survey is the main design of the study as it is internet based of course. The sample population consisted of 19 607 online visitors as ‘free range users’ who registered on the site between April 2001 and September 2003. The control group is the 182 participants in the MoodGYM condition of the BlueMood trial. To assess the symptoms of depression of the two groups, the Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scales (Goldberg et. al. , 1988) were repeated within the website intervention to allow the examination of change in symptoms across modules. The outcome variables used were gender, initial depression severity scores, number of assessments attempted (maximum number=5) and symptom levels following intervention. To determine if the results are statistically significant, Christensen et al. (2005) used various statistical analyses for this study. The linear regression analyses were used to develop predictors of anxiety and depression final scores. Chi-squared or t-tests were used to find out the differences between the two versions of the site. For the comparison between Mark I and Mark II versions of the site, the researchers compared the 19 607 visitors to the original site, with 38 791 users who registered on the Mark II version of the site between September 2003 and October, 2004. Analysis of the Results Analysis of the predictors of final anxiety and depression scores for Moodgym (Mark I) revealed that there were no differences in outcomes between the randomized clinical trial (RCT) participants and those accessing the original MoodGYM website (p. 60). The linear regression results where the dependent variable was the final score and independent variables were gender, number of modules completed (treated as three dummy variables), and initial depression score and a quadratic function of the initial score, all independent variables and the interaction between initial depression score and number of modules were significant. The results showed that men are predicted to be 0. 19 units (SE=0. 095) higher than women on depression, controlling for the initial depression level and number of modules completed. For initial depression scores above 2, it is predicted that the final score will indicate improvement relative to the initial score, the magnitude of the improvement increasing as a function of the number of modules attempted. For initial anxiety scores above 2, it is predicted that the final score will indicate improvement relative to the initial score, the magnitude of the improvement increasing as a function of the number of modules attempted. Mark II registrants were more likely than to Mark I registrants to complete onsite assessments (p. 59). Thus Christensen, et. al. (2005) has answered the objectives of the study. For the first objective, they were able to establish that the predictors of expected final depression are gender; number of modules completed, and initial depression scores of users. On the other hand, the expected final anxiety predictors are the same with that of depression except gender. The second aim is to compare user characteristics and outcomes from the original MoodGYM site (Mark I) with those of public registrants of the new public version of the site (MoodGYM Mark). Researchers have concluded from the results that ‘free range users’ of the online version of MoodGYM Mark I are more likely to have lower depression at the end of the intervention if they are women, have lower initial scores, and complete more module assessments. These dose–response relationships may illustrate the importance of a user’s adherence to the site for positive outcomes, although they may also be due to the retention of users who make the biggest gains early. The completion data from MoodGYM indicate that adherence to the full program is poor, with less than 7% of the site users progressing beyond the first two modules in the Mark II site. The remaining proportion of users, the ‘one hit wonders’, drop out early. The addition of compulsory components appears to increase compliance for a second assessment, but does not increase persistence, with approximately the same proportion of users from both sites discontinuing at the same rate at subsequent assessment occasions. The Mark II structure is also associated with a reduced proportion of female users and a (statistically significant) increase in registrants with higher levels of depression (p. 62). Limitations Christensen et al. recognized that their study has several limitations. First, the usefulness of making direct comparisons of the outcome level and attrition rates of Internet interventions and clinical trials is in question because of the difference in patterns of attrition and the missing data will reflect the tied sample characteristics (motivation, symptom severity and expectations of participants). In addition, the Internet sites create the opportunity to either ‘opt in’ or ‘opt out’ of ‘treatment’ easily, making them likely to ‘enroll’ diverse individuals with low levels of commitment and little expectation of being ‘helped’. Also, clinical trials provide infrastructure and positive expectations. Hence these differences question the usefulness of directly comparing rates of adherence or compliance across the two types of interventions. Moreover, selective attrition is difficult to interpret in both clinical and Internet trials, because ‘dropout’ or non-adherence may arise for different reasons and be associated with different outcomes for different individuals. For example, Internet users may ‘drop out’ either because they are dissatisfied with the intervention (real ‘dropouts’) or because the intervention has met their needs (these individuals are labeled ‘attainers’ in e-education environments (Martinez, 2003). Future Research Studies The authors recommended that future studies are needed to identify the proportions of these different classes of dropouts as it will require different analysis models to those traditionally used, including the development of new models which take into account individual trajectories of change based on sample characteristics. Hence, there should be the creation of new services through the development of virtual clinics with a consumer focus including the use a ‘new class of worker’ to implement evidence based applications. Another future research should show that shorter interventions lead to similar health outcomes and that even brief burst of information lead to increased help seeking. Lastly, a future research is needed to end the issue on website adherence or ‘stickiness’ for online sites like MoodGYM (p. 62) and to reward models of service that deliver evidence based treatments – through Medicare rebates- or other funding mechanisms. Conclusion The critique of the seminar on â€Å"Delivering internet interventions for depression: Free range users and one hit wonders†by Helen Christensen, Kathy Griffiths, Chloe Groves, Ailsa Korten, based on the journal article â€Å"Free range users and one hit wonders: community users of an Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (2005) have recognized that the Internet has the capacity to reach many individuals who are seeking for formal treatment for mental health services and that the Internet has a role in disease prevention even in the delivery of short positive health messages. Patient visitors to any internet-based cognitive therapy program such as the MoodGYM site are likely to have better psychological outcomes if they complete more of the site material and comply with the necessary core sections will increases assessment completion and thus treatment. References Burns, N. & Grove, S. K. (1993). The practice of psychological research: conduct, critique and utilization. 4th edition. Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Jorm AF (2004). Delivering interventions for depression by using the Internet: randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 328:265. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Korten AE, Brittliffe K, Groves C. (2004). A comparison of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial participants of a cognitive behavior therapy website. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 6:e46. Christensen, H. ,Griffiths K. , Groves C. & Korten, A. (2006). Free range users and one hit wonders: community users of an Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry; 40:59–62. Goldberg D, Bridges K, Duncan-Jones P, Grayson D. (1988). Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings. British Medical Journal, 297:897–899. Martinez M. (2003). High attrition rates in e-learning: challenges, predictors, and solutions. The E- Learning Developers’ Journal.. Ingram, Richard (2002). An introduction to critiquing research papers, with resources for further study. Available: http://www. richard. ingram. nhspeople. net/student/critintro. htm LoBiondo-Wood, G. , & Haber, J. (1998) Research: methods, critical appraisal, and utilization. (5th edition). St. Louis : Mosby LoBiondo-Wood, G. , Haber, J. & Krainovich-Miller, B. (2002). Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process. Chapter 2 In LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J. (editors). Research: Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization. (5th Edition). St Louis: Mosby.

Envy is a Sin

As all emotions, envy is socially constructed. Individual interaction, class variation and social institutions like schools, family, religion, and politics define envy for us. Envy is dependent on the beliefs about wealth, status, power, and how they ought to be distributed. In less complex societies envious objects are food, babies, and health; but in more complex societies they are wealth, status, and power. Envy, which is often mislabeled as jealousy, is hostility towards superiors. In an unequal situation, or comparison the envious has, not a mere wish, but a malicious wish that the other would lose his advantage (Foster, 1972:167). Though condemned in all cultures and repressed in nearly every individual, envy has a function in society. Schoeck points out that envy is almost a taboo-topic in daily conversation, in research, and in literature. This condemning and repression is what allows envy to work. Envy in excess of that minimum is a surplus, which can do more harm than good (Schoeck, 1970:348). In societies where envy is high productivity is low and where envy is low productivity is high. Envy is our drive for innovation and competition, though if not controlled causes poverty and revolutions. Management of envy is key to social order. In order to minimize envy we must always rationalize our inequalities through modest statements such as; â€Å"Luck†, â€Å"God†s will†, and â€Å"hard work†, which date back through the history of the Greeks, Roman Catholic Church, and the Protestant Work Ethic. Although possibly the rich are wealth addicts, thriving on the envy of others, and the rest are all closet addicts fooled into believing that they will one day be rich too (Slater, 1980:16).

Media violence and agression essays

Media violence and agression essays Within the past few decades there has been a growing concern about exposure to media violence. Many people have directly associated aggression and hostile thoughts to the viewing of, or participation in, violent media. It is now abundant in many forms: movies, music, video games, television shows, and even newscasts. The question is whether it changes us negatively as humans. If not, then it is obviously harmless. Then we could go on not paying any attention to the increase of intense and realistic violence within todays media. But the more probable answer is yes; it has, is, and will continue to affect us. There is a lot more to worry about now than there was twenty years ago. The world continues to evolve technologically, escalating our ability and probability to be exposed to such violence. For example, soldiers in Iraq have cameras strapped to their helmets, displaying an in-war perspective on local news stations, which we would otherwise not have. This is a vast evolution from t he sketchy news broadcasts and day to day speculation of North American civilians during the World Wars. Is this opened door a benefit, or is society being exposed to something it should not be? The same question can be asked about video games; one of the worlds most widespread hobbies. As well, movies and television are other explicitly violent culprits. All this too say that there are many violent sources available to people of all ages. And, if aggression is nourished within those who are exposed to these sources, then the world is heading in a dangerous direction. The cognitive learning theory suggests that, humans have underlying thought processes; therefore, having the ability to respond to situations based on thoughts, memory, and the way information is processed (Feldman). An example of this is, knowing how to drive a car without having ever done it before. One may observe their parent driving, and thereby obtain the basic skills requi...

Bonny Lee Bakley, Murdered Wife of Actor Robert Blake

Bonny Lee Bakley, Murdered Wife of Actor Robert Blake Bonny Lee Bakley was not a good girl. She was a con artist who used sex and deception to bilk men- many of the rich and famous- out of their money, and their children out of their inheritance. She was shot to death in May 2001 and her husband at the time, actor Robert Blake, was charged with the crime. Still, there was a long list of other people with a motive. Bakleys Childhood Years Bonny Lee Bakley was born June 7, 1956 in Morristown, New Jersey. As a young girl, her dreams were similar to others her age, to one day become rich and famous. Perhaps her impoverished home helped to drive these fantasies. Or, perhaps the desire to leave her hometown and begin her road to stardom grew deeper after she suffered from sexual abuse by her father. Whatever the cause, her drive for stardom became a blind obsession. Marriage for Profit It is believed that Bakley felt ostracized as a child for being poor. She grew to be an attractive teen. She decided to try modeling, and she signed on with a nearby agency. Through the agency,​ she met an immigrant named Evangelos Paulakis, who was desperate to stay in the U.S. and needed to get married  to do so. Bakley agreed to marry him for a price, but not long after the two shared I dos, Bakley, with the money safely tucked away, ended the marriage, and Paulakis was picked by the authorities and deported. After high school, Bakley headed to New York to begin her climb to stardom. She started calling herself Lee Bonny. She managed to get various small modeling jobs, and even worked as an extra in a few movies. But her goal of becoming a star was not  happening. So, she set her attention on other ways to achieve, if not stardom, the fortune that came with it. Her focus switched from becoming a star to marrying one. Bakleys Sex Scam Business In her mid-twenties, Bakley married her cousin, Paul Gawron, a laborer who was street tough and prone to violent behavior. They had two children who Gawron mainly cared for while Bakley worked toward her new endeavor, a mail-order business that focused on scamming lonely men out of money. Had Bakley not chosen a less-than-desirable avenue, her  entrepreneurial  spirit mixed with her ability to market, organize, and profit in a highly competitive industry could have been admirable. Gawron and Bakley had a twisted and volatile marriage. Bakley, who was busy scamming money from men, sometimes in the couples bedroom, was satisfied to let Gawron stay home. He seemed to enjoy not having to work. But, by 1982, the marriage ended. Bakleys obsession to be in the inner circles of the famous mixed with the fact that she was not getting any younger. This motivated her decision to leave her kids in Gawrons care and head to Memphis, Tennessee, to the door of musical artist, Jerry Lee Lewis. Bakley Stalks Jerry Lee Lewis Bakleys money-making sex schemes coupled with her use of stolen credit cards and identification kept her mobile, and she was able to fly to locations where Jerry Lee Lewis was performing. Bordering stalking, Bakley  would often crash parties and show up at performances just to get in closer to Lewis. Finally, the two met around 1982, and a friendship developed. Jerry Lee Lewis and Bakley remained friends until Bakley became pregnant and told everyone that the childs father was Jerry Lee Lewis and that he was leaving his wife to marry her. When the child was born, Bakley named her  Jerry Lee and put on the ​​birth certificate, father undetermined. The friendship between Lewis and Bakley ended and baby Jerry Lee was sent to live with Bakleys ex-husband and her other children. Later it was discovered that Bakley made death threats against Lewiss wife. Bakleys Anything Goes Policy Bakleys address book filled up with names, some famous and some just rich. Names such as Robert DeNiro, Sugar Ray Leonard, and Jimmy Swaggart were found among the list. Bakleys sex business became bolder, and she advertised in sex magazines that she was a tri-sexual, meaning she would try anything once and her preference was sadomasochism, couples sex, and bisexuality. She swindled men out of hundreds of thousands of dollars with her anything goes claims. Bakley was arrested for trying to write bad checks to the tune of $200,000 and was sentenced to report to a penal farm on weekends for three years. In Arkansas, she was arrested for carrying more than 30 fake identifications and was placed on probation. When she completed her sentence in Tennessee, and her friendship with Lewis was over, she decided it was time to leave the South, and she headed to the land of fame and stardom- Hollywood. Bakley and Robert Blake Tie the Knot Bonny continued running  sex scams in magazines, and dating a few stars, one being Christian Brando. How she and Baretta star Robert Blake met, depends on who you ask. Bakleys sister said they met at a jazz club and bonded from across the room. Blakes attorney said Robert Blake did not even know her name and they had sex in the back of a truck, never in his home. Whatever is the truth, one thing was for certain; it was not a match made in heaven. Shortly after the affair began, Bakley told Blake that she was pregnant. Sources say Bakley was taking fertility pills as a way to trap the star into her web. When the baby was born, she named her  Christian Shannon Brando and listed Brando as the father. A  paternity test later proved the father to be Blake. Bonny Lee and Robert Blake married in November 2000, and Bonny moved into a guest house on the property. Bakleys Murder After only six months of marriage, in May 2001, Blake and Bakley went to dinner at Vitellos Italian Restaurant, where Blake was a regular customer. After dinner, the two walked to their car. According to Blake, he realized he left his revolver at the restaurant and left to retrieve it. When he returned to the car, he found Bakley with a gunshot wound to her head, dying in the front seat. Blake ran for help, but Bakley soon died. After a year of investigations, Blake was arrested and charged with the murder of Bonny Lee Bakley. On March 15, 2005, a jury of seven women and five men deliberated for more than 36 hours before returning a verdict of not guilty in the murder of his wife and not guilty on one count of soliciting someone to murder her.   Although acquitted in criminal court, the Baretta star was not so lucky in civil court, where a verdict does not need to be unanimous.  A civil jury decided 10 to 2 that  the tough-guy actor was behind the slaying and ordered him to pay Bonny Lee Bakley’s four children $30 million. Resources and Further Reading King, Gary C. Murder In Hollywood: The Secret Life and Mysterious Death of Bonny Lee Bakley. St. Martins, 2001.Bloom, Lisa. â€Å"Our Bodies, Ourselves: Clara Harris and Bonny Bakley.† Court TV, The Internet Archive, 13 Mar. 2003.

Madison and the War of 1812 -was the war of 1812 the first war for Research Paper - 1

Madison and the War of 1812 -was the war of 1812 the first war for manifest destiny - Research Paper Example The strategy for attacking Britain was through Canada which by then was Britain’s colony. American officials were very optimistic about the success of the invasion 1. However, America was to suffer a humiliating defeat at the hands of Sir Isaac Brock, British soldier and administrator in charge of upper Canada(modern Ontario) on the August of 16th,1812.On September 13th,1814, Baltimore’s Fort McHenry after withstanding several hours of Bombardment by the British Navy, the following morning hoisted the American flag, a sight that inspired Francis Scott Key to write a poem called â€Å"The star-Spangled Banner† which would later be adopted as the U.S. national anthem. Notably, Kentucky made contribution of approximately 18,000 troops to the war as a result suffered a very high proportion of the nation’s casualties in the war. However, saw an end to the war and the atrocities through a negotiated settlement which was referred to as the Treaty of Ghent, on Dec ember 24th 1814.Kentucky once again was to feature in a major way through statesman Henry Clay who played an important part in the efforts. By then he was already the house speaker. James Madison’s tenure were particularly dominated by foreign dilemmas especially since they marked the last years of the Napoleonic wars. Noteworthy, when the Embargo Act was repelled, subsequent attempts to reduce tensions at sea included the Non-Intercourse Act, which took effect from March 1809 to May 1810.Importantly, it set the grounds for non-importation or exportation against belligerent nations including France and England as trade with these nations was prohibited. Therefore under the Act trade with all other nations was permissible. But as far as France and Great Britain, trade would resume with whichever nations dropped its restrictions against U.S. but American ships would go wherever they wanted. Furthermore, under the terms

The Concept of Wisdom in Judaism and Confucius Essay

The Concept of Wisdom in Judaism and Confucius - Essay Example For Aristotle the acts of the Gods had to be contemplative since they did not engage in acts of justice or bravery, where as Plato thought that imitating the Gods included both ethical and political values. In Judaism Imitatio Dei is centered on ethical values and striving to be the best that humans can be, not wise like God, because wisdom is what God used to create the world. Wisdom is the search for the knowledge of God (Shapiro 1971 pg 3). This idea is related in Genesis. The Lord by wisdom founded the earth, by understanding He established the Heavens. By His knowledge the depths were broken up, and the skies drop down the dew. How manifold are Thy works, O Lord! In wisdom hast thou made them all. According to the Pentateuch, the knowledge of God is the fruit of wisdom and a faithful path toward Imitatio Dei. Knowledge of God in Judaism is tied to the instructions God gave to Moses. The Israelites were captured because they had no knowledge of God, that is, they did not follow the rules Yahweh handed down to Moses. In Proverbs it states that fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom and the knowledge of the All-Holy is understanding. True wisdom is the pursuit if the knowledge of God and all other goals serve only to be wise to other humans or oneself. Man can search for God's wisdom by reading Torah since Torah is the reflections of God's knowledge. David Shapiro makes an interesting observation when he points out that Israel avoids the pagan ideas of actually gaining the wisdom of a deity and becoming a God because the pagans subscribed to the belief. In Genesis 9:6 the Bible does say that man was created in the image of God, but that aspect is not mentioned again after that chapter and verse. While pagans strove to become Gods, Jews strove for the knowledge of God, a fundamental difference. This may also be a reaction to information in Genesis that wisdom is a quality of Satan. The snake talked Eve into eating from the Tree of Knowledge, thus becoming "wise" and knowing good and evil like God. In Judaism the limitations of man's knowledge contrasts with the pagan goal of actually gaining God's wisdom. In the pursuit of Imitatio Dei it was necessary to build God's dwelling place on earth. The Tabernacle, and later, the Temple served as the Imago Mundi, God's house on earth. This was the start of wisdom being incorporated into architecture, sacred geometry of a meta-physical nature. In the Jewish religion then God had a sacred book and a sacred house on earth. The Talmud as interpreted by Raba of Babylonia, states that wisdom is repentance combined with good deeds. One should not spend hours reading Torah then disrespect his parents and elders. This notion maintains the hierarchy sanctioned in the Torah where one's own wisdom is a reflection of superiors. Judaism began with humans having direct contact with God. Abraham founded the one God religion and Moses accepted the Covenant and the rules of following Yahweh. This one on one relationship is an on going central part of Judaism. Confucius lived around 550 to 480 B.C.E. in the Zhou Dynasty. The name is the Latinized version of Kong fu-zi or Master Kong (Nadeau pg 1). He is one of China's most important

General Information System or Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

General Information System or Internet - Essay Example The kingdom of Saudi Arabia allowed internet connection in the 1990’s after a long deliberation of the effect that it would have on its citizen (Ghafour , 2006). The internet connection  was allowed  with some censuring to eradicate materials that were against the culture of the people. This would  make sure  internet connection  was used  only for positive purposes. The internet led to adoption of e-government. This service would allow citizens receive most government services online without travelling to government offices. Internet connection  allows service access by even those citizens who are outside the physical boundaries of the Kingdom.    Government services provided online E-Health system This is an online electronic health system. It  was launched  after a series of tests to help in running of health services in the kingdom.   The system offers service of data collection and storage on patients. Hospitals are using it to manage both out patien ts and in patients. Clinics  have been provided  with access to the system to enable them in managing their resources.   Resources managed are laboratories equipment, medicine available in the pharmacy and staffing levels in the different clinics.  The ability of  the system to store information on patients, enable care taker access patients information in one file and automatically. The system eliminates the manual filing system that  was used  in storing information in hospitals. The multi user  ability, embedded in the system assists  in the elimination of  duplication of patient details. This  is enabled  by ability of multiple health units accessing the patient data from a central storage unit online. The advantages derived from using this web base system is allowing for timely access to data stored about patients. Analysis on common diseases can also be done. This only requires integrating the correct tools of data mining on the data store created to ge nerate a report. The reports  can be  used by government institutions in making proactive decisions of something that might happen in the future. The online system also enables health centres share information easily because of the uniform working platform provided. Data mining in the data centres  can be  done to  give  government with statistics to make decisions in the health centres. These statistics may include death rate and diseases causing deaths in the kingdom. Adoption of the e-health system  has been seen  as an advantage to the government in the health services provision. This is leading to need of connecting more and more health units to the system to improve on service delivery (Alcantara, 2008). Electronic immigration Services This is an online portal that enables Saudi Arabia nationals and expatriates receive immigration services through an online. The services  are provided by the  ministry of interior of Saudi charged with responsibility of offe ring and cancelling visas. The services provided online include visa application, resident  permit  application and checking on  the validity of one’s public health insurance. Prior registration  is needed  for users  to use  these services. A  need  for registration is to hold Saudi national identification number. The person visits the portal and feels this number for verification purposes. Verification will  make sure  that the number is genuine, and the holder has the right  to use  the portal. After verification, the portal has an automatic

Mergers And Acquisitions Of Daimler And Chrysler Management Essay

Mergers And Acquisitions Of Daimler And Chrysler Management Essay Mergers and acquisitions can be value creators or value destroyers, According to Mirvis and Marks (1997), most companies executing MAs perform a perfect job arranging the relative economical and financial traits, providing the fact that they do a remarkable job in managing the upcoming change thereafter. Before conducting an MA analysis, it is important to understand what is meant by the word change. Although there is no universal definition change, as Hughes (2006) says it has been explained in terms of guises, transformation, metamorphosis, evolution, regeneration and transition. The generic definition of change as defined by Hughes (2006) is any alteration in the status quo. The leadership and direction of the process of organizational transformation especially with regard to human aspects and overcoming resistance to change According to Hughes definition and Lwins change model (1951) (Figure 1), the change process will be explored by specifically analysing a famous car industry MA case: Daimler-Chrysler (DCX)  [i]  merger, one brand, two cultures. Figure 1: Lwins change stages [Source: Higgs Rowland, 2005] DaimlerBenz AG of Stuttgart, Germany, and the Chrysler Corporation of Auburn Hills, Michigan, surprised the business world at a press conference in London on May 7, 1998, when they announced their merger of equals made in heaven. This major cross-border transaction, with an equity value of $36 billion, was the largest merger of its kind to date.  [ii]  Robert Eaton and Jà ¼rgen E. Schrempp, co-chairmen of DCX, announced their expectation that this deal would be not only the best strategic merger or the best prepared merger, but also the best executed merger.Whether or not this statement came to be true, is yet to be analyzed in this paper. THE BIG TWO The Mercedes famous three-pointed star that represents its domination of the land, the sea, and the air is now one of the worlds most recognized brands that symbolizes class, style and personality. On the other side, stands Giant yank, Chrysler, carrying the fame of being among the big three in U.S., famously known for producing muscle cars. Pre-merger situation: Daimler In 1926 was founded in Stuttgart, Germany Daimler-Benz, a manufacturer of automobiles, motor vehicles, and engines. Unknown to many, it is already the result of a merger between Benz Cie(founded by Karl Benz) and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft(founded by Gottleib Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach). The new entity rapidly made its name in motor sports as its cars were regarded as high end race automobiles.  [iii]  [Appendix A] Pre-merger situation: Chrysler The roots of Chrysler Corporations go back to 1925, when the American car manufacturer, Maxwell Motor Company is recognized into Chrysler Corporation by Walter P. Chrysler  [iv]  . Along with GM and Ford, Chrysler made the powerful triangle of the biggest car manufacturers in U.S. The Corporations was- back in mid 1990s- nothing less than the most profitable car producer in the world.  [v]  In 1997, the company even reached a peak in terms of market shares in the U.S., at an impressive figure of 23%. [Appendix A] Chrysler had always known itself to be a blue collar, bold Yank. It was able to survive a bankruptcy during the Second World War, and this state was stabilized by its boom- bust cash flows. THE RATIONALE FOR A MERGE OF EQUALS In order to maintain with the speed of an external change, the easiest way that an organization should adopt is to take advantage of internal change accordingly. It must increase its intercommunication by putting out as many feelers as possible to bring a collective view of the constantly shifting situation into the organization. Getting ready for a change, Unfreezing the present situation is the first step recognized by Lewin, it is described as the state of preparation for change and preventing any possible resistance  [vi]  . Taking into account the push factors for change, Chrysler CEO, Eaton, convinced his empire that they need a partner to blow the caution in this dog-eat-dog market, by telling a story. Yet, his mental cognitions in making sense of his environment and ending up in merge decision, was one of its own kind, owning one fourth of the whole American market share, Chrysler was among the big three is U.S., and the position was royal enough for Eaton not to buy more troubles for the company, however, international reach was his goal in this story, this is how he made sense of the merger: Bob Eaton, Chrysler CEO, gave the speech of his life at company headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan on July the 17th. 1997  [vii]  . Instead of revelling in four years of rapid growth, he warned of trouble brewing on the horizon. His urgent oratory, adapted from the nonfiction bestseller The Perfect Storm  [viii]  , a tale of three fishermen caught at the confluence of three potent storms off the Canadian coast, warned that a triad of identical elements posing a threat to demolish Chrysler.  [ix]   Daimler-Benz, meanwhile, standing on the reverse position, was looking for a soul-mate. Despite a booming U.S. economy, its luxury vehicles had captured less than 1% of the American market.  [x]  Its vehicle production method was particularly labor intensive requiring nearly twice as many workers per unit produced over Toyotas Lexus division. It recognized that it could benefit from an economy of scale in this capital-intensive industry. With $2.8 billion in annual profits, remarkable efficiency, low design costs, and an extensive American dealership network, Chrysler appeared to be the perfect match. Having Chrysler, looking for his share from the European market pie, on one hand, and Daimler, seeking for attractive U.S. market on the other hand, the merger between two giants made sense. On May 7th. 1998, Eaton announced that Chrysler would merge with Daimler-Benz. Daimler-Benz CEO Jà ¼rgen Schrempp hailed the merge as a merger of equals, a merger of growth, and a merger of unprecedented strength.  [xi]   When he rang the bell at the New York Stock Exchange to inaugurate trading of the new stock, Daimler-Chrysler (DCX), Eaton predicted, Within five years, well be among the Big Three automotive companies in the world.  [xii]   Only three years later DCXs market capitalization stands at $44 billion, roughly equal to the value of Daimler-Benz before the merger  [xiii]  and Chrysler Groups share value has been descending by one-third, compared to the pre-merger situation. Chrysler was bleeding cash unlike the Mercedes.  [xiv]   CHANGE ANALYSIS (Post-merger issues-The rationale for the failure) A SPECTACULAR FAILURE MAs in this scale are inherently complicated, Kiefer (2004) asserts changes of greater complexity are likely to generate more negative and more intense emotions and more resistance (George and Jones, 2001), and therefore require more careful management. Seemingly, DCX underestimated this matter. Only 2 years before Daimler-Chrysler divorce a journalist declared: One of the greatest unions in history burst inward soon after the merge.  [xv]   Why? Unlike what has been communicated to both parties staff, it has not been the merger of equals from the start, the kick start negotiations best proved this fact. Eaton, settled huge agreements and compromises all the way of negotiations. The residency, brand, he even agreed to be a co-chairman which led to a massive crisis in the history of American leadership. German won more bonuses and their dominance were clear which was opposing the virtue of a merger, making it more sound like an acquisition. They were not negotiation the compromises, Chrysler have been compromised only. [Appendix B] Later, Schrempp did not hesitate to state in the German Press: What happened to the dynamic, can-do cowboy culture that I bought?  [xvi]   CULTURAL CLASH On paper, Daimler-Chrysler was the perfect match: German engineering with American marketing, but German culture and American culture dilemma took over the success scenario. [Appendix C]. Burnes (1996) reconfirms Schwartz and Davis cultural risk approach design in attempting to warn the managers and the change leaders that if risk is underestimated it could become dangerous. If one is aware of American pride and German authoritarian, he would know the worse can be expected. Daimler had systemically decision making process, whereas Americans were inspiring creativity. The Stress on effectiveness, fair staff treatment, and empowerment made Chrysler famous for adoptability and flexibility; whereas Daimler seemed more autocratic and bureaucratic. All these cultural variations soon became visible in both companies daily activities. As an example, Daimler managers were concerned a lot about daily trivial cases which disappointed Chrysler executives, cases such as the shape of a pamphlets and etc. Meanwhile, Daimler leaders were frustrated by Eatons emotional actions during the speech. In a nutshell, Daimler-Benz had been the symbol of German power whereas Chrysler has been entitled as the most economical and nimblest car manufactories worldwide. [Appendix D] http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/miscellaneous-projects/73392-organisation-culture.html STRUCTURAL MISMATCHES Another key issue at DCX was the differences in par structures between the two pre-merger entities. Germans disliked huge pay disparities and were unlikely to accept any steep revision of top management salaries. But American CEOs were rewarded handsomely. Chrysler could cut pay only at the risk of losing its talented managers. Germans and Americans also had different working styles. The Germans were used to lengthy reports and extended discussions. On the other hand, the Americans performed little paperwork and liked to keep their meetings short. Americans favored fast-paced trial-and-error experimentation, whereas Germans drew up painstakingly detailed plans and implemented them precisely. In general, the Germans perceived the Americans as chaotic while the Americans felt that the Germans were stubborn militarists. Post merger, Americans were trapped in the German style of planning, constantly being told what to do, gradually damping their creativity and autonomy. James Holden, Chrysler president from September 1999 through November 2000, explained that Mercedes is famous for being a high end luxury brand, whereas Chrysler, Dodge, Plymouth and Jeep were serving a lower market, it was a marrying up, marrying down event .  [xvii]  This fueled an undercurrent of tension, which was amplified by the fact that American workers earned appreciably more than their German counterparts, sometimes four times as much. DAIMLERS HEGEMONY German over-representation is also apparent in the board structure, [Appendix E] they approve all major company decisions, including the firing of executive management .In 2000, two successive Chrysler presidents, Holden and Stallkamp, both American, were fired. The Daimler-Benz management presence permeated every important function at Chrysler USA. By the end of 2000, there were only 128,000 Chrysler employees still working in the US operations, all anxious and demoralized. Ex-Chrysler managers felt that Daimler-Benz was steadily leading Chrysler into a state of chaos. Schrempp openly said that he never intended the merger be one of equals, and when he began replacing several American executives with German ones, Chrysler must have felt a little humiliated. Even though honesty and directness are welcomed and encouraged in Germany, several Americans do not appreciate such boldness. Consequently, reputations have certainly been damaged during the process. With Chrysler being taken over by Daimler, with regard to that, mostly Americans were feeling betrayed How could you let Daimler make you a mere subsidiary? http://marisyksti.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?orderby=updated The managers who had built Chryslers cowboy bravado were no more there. Some remained on staff, feeling withdrawn, ineffective and eclipsed by the Germans in Stuttgart. Others left for a more promising future at G.M. or Ford. The American dynamism faded under subtle German pressure. According to a Daimler-Benz executive, Eaton went weeks without speaking with Schrempp. Schrempp, meanwhile, was afraid of being labeled a takeover artist. He left Chrysler alone for too long. After the merger, many people observed that Bob Eaton seemed cold-eyed, withdrawn, and uninterested. According to then-president Peter Stallkamp, Eaton had really checked-out about a year before he left  [xviii]  . The managers feared for their careers, and in the absence of assurance, they assumed the worst. The dislike and distrust ran deep, with some Daimler-Benz executives publicly declaring that they would never drive a Chrysler. My mother drove a Plymouth, and it barely lasted two-and-a-half years, commented Mercedes-Benz division Chief Jà ¼rgen Hubbert to the  [xix]  Suddeutsche Zeitung. Irate Chrysler managers responded with jabs of their own. Bob Lutz, then Chrysler vice-chairman, pointed out to the Detroit Free Press that The Jeep Grand Cherokee earned a greater rate of customer satisfaction in comparison with M-Class.  [xx]   The culture clash has been obvious. Much of this clash was intrinsic to a union between two companies. Their corporate structure, culture and wage systems were thoroughly different. In depth, this union was seemingly the source of trouble: Daimler-Benz and Chryslers brand images were founded upon diametrically opposite premises. From holding language classes to cutting idioms in conversations, from dinner parties to Post Merger teams, DCX put in ample effort to bridge the chasm, but due to deep uncertainty, and lack of trust, they failed to accomplish the remedy. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS (Lewins refreezing stage that never happened) CONCLUSION What seemed to be a perfect match, the largest trans-Atlantic merger ever, sank unexpectedly. What was supposed to be the leading car manufactory in the world became the chief failure in the MA industry. The disruptive change was inevitable, however, by assuring the staff about the stability of condition, they would loosen their faith and trust on the managers, they know change is coming but they are eager to know what would be the consequences for them. Nadler (1993) ascertains that changes threaten an individuals sense of stability and can present anxieties while reducing the sense of autonomy. Resisting change may function as a survival mechanism where change is perceived as a threat creating a type of organisational autopoiesis, exhibiting a strong resistance when something valuable is under threat (Goldstein, 1988). As it has been seen in every stage of the story, talented managers and engineers left due to the fact that they were feeling withdrawn and flooded. Consequently, the expected synergies never happened and on May, 2007, Chrysler has been sold to Cerebrus Capital Management  [xxi]  , and they failed to accomplish the last phase of lewins change model (Refreezing stage). In summary, the Germans and the Americans were not in sync since the beginning. Different management teams with heavy prides, resisting from compromise and unaware of change would never create a team. DCX have combined nothing beyond some administrative departments, such as finance and public relations. http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy1/Daimler-Chrysler%20Merger%20Cultural%20Mismatch%20Business%20Strategy.htm Learning from analyzing the case, a number of recommendations are outlined further on. RECOMMENDATIONS Firstly, there would never be a partnership of equals happening in any international extents. There would always be a stronger part in terms of finance or market share, thus the resulting arrogance on either side of the merges would imperil the business joint. The Daimler-Chrysler merger should have begun with a strategy, to decide if they wanted to combine the two different cultures, or start off with one brand new one. To do this they should have analyzed the existing cultures, to establish the similarities and the differences. Culture must be blended rather than changed. Moreover, balancing the need for change with the motivation to preserve existing identity, determine the elements that contribute to the development of change capacity. Meanwhile, building a series of interventions such as creating an understanding, building skills, gaining commitment enhances peoples motivation and consequently a favourable and sustainable change. A further important factor is communicating the urgency for change in depth, as is in maintaining momentum, following Kotters (Ch1) words stating that successful large scale change involves momentum. Considering the uncertainty and negative emotions that accompany change, the ability to discern the emotional reactions to change of employees and board members enhances influence levels and provides the necessary support to the change process (Kiefer, 2004). Displaying an autocratic fashion behaviour by failing to address the concerns of people in the organisation and not devoting ample time and energy in building commitment, inhibits effective change implementation. That it is not about which approaches and best practices are chosen by the manager. The main thing that should be kept in view by the managers is that what is to be changed, what is the circumstance and what is the choice of adopted approach. Was this the failure of planning and executing productive change? Absolutely! People dont resist change. They resist being changed! (Peter Senge)