A Problem Case with Confidentiality Essay Example for Free

A Problem Case with Confidentiality Essay Confidentiality has always been a pledge that is likely to be asked by anyone when disclosing sensitive information to an authority, specialist, or even a friend. More often than not, the party to whom any information is to be disclosed would promise that none of it would ever be relayed to anyone else. Yet, this pledge of confidentiality is not, and cannot be made absolute especially if the client and other parties are in jeopardy and disclosing the case of the client in court is necessary to ensure the safety of the client or a third party (Herlihy and Corey, 2007). Aside from the court scenario, another case when confidentiality is often breached is when the client needs protection from a third party (Herlihy and Corey, 2007). Therefore, should something revealed by a client to a counselor be a reason of concern for the safety of others, the counselor may breach the confidentiality of the statements of the client. This leads to the common notion of doing what is for the greater good. Keeping the confidentiality only satisfy the will of the client, but it may pose greater danger to the community. Logically, if anything can pose danger to the client and to anyone else, it can also be a cause of being troublesome. Even if the secret is kept, the client will have no peace of mind. Hence, greater harm can be done if something that has to be disclosed to other authorities will be kept a secret just for the sake of confidentiality. The case of Norma has brought nothing out of the conditions in the code of ethics of the American Counseling Association (ACA). Norma has gone out with Javier for some time and other men, too. Read more:  Essay on Confidentiality and Disclosing Concerns Javier refused safe sex. The problem has been that Norma was diagnosed with HIV virus, but she could not determine whether she got it from Javier, because she also engaged in unsafe sex with other men aside from Javier. The danger that has been posed here is that Javier may be infected with HIV but does not know it. Worse, he prefers unsafe sex over safe sex, so if he comes in contact with other women and have sex with them without protection, more lives would be in danger of acquiring the deadly virus. The dilemma of the counselor is that Norma to reveal her health condition to Javier in fear of being harmed physically, which is very possible based on the character of the man as she has narrated. Hence, it appears that if Norma’s condition remains a secret to Javier, he may infect other women with the virus in case she had infected him or he had infected her. On the other hand, if Javier finds out Norma’s condition, she would be he one in danger of physical harm Javier might inflict. Abiding by the ethics, the counselor should explain to Norma that Javier has to know whether he ha HIV or not, because he is a possible transmitter of the disease. She has to understand that revealing her health condition to Javier would help prevent further infections. As for the possible dangers that Javier might pose on the life of Norma, Section B. 3. b of the ACA code of ethics states provisions of disclosing the case to other professionals, who will be part of the team that would take care of the client (Herlihy and Corey, 2007). The counselor must first secure a copy of the diagnosis that states that Norma has HIV. This is important in order to have authenticated proof about he condition of Norma when counselor asks for assistance from other authorities. Norma will have to be informed about the actions of the counselor and why it has to be done. She should know who else will know about her condition and be given assurance of confidentiality. To further convince her, she should be informed about the limitations of confidentiality Naggy, 2005 in Corey, Corey Callanan, 2002). In this case, should she need police protection, only the commanding officer should know about her condition and the officers, who would be tasked to ensure her security, may not know about her case. The State of Florida adheres to the America Counseling Association Code of Ethics, so all the guidelines stated in the ACA Code of Ethics can be taken into effect. There is, however, another provision from the National Board of Certified Counselors (2005) which states that a client should also be responsible in case when he/she is involved in a life-threatening situation, which, in this case is Norma’s HIV infection. A counselor is not a god to dictate what is right and wrong and what is good or bad and who is good or bad. However the code of ethics clearly states the proper action to be done in the case of Norma. Javier may pose danger to her and that is why she would need other help. Norma can even have a better chance of making the most out of her life if she â€Å"gets out of her box†. Revealing Norma’s condition to Javier can even help Javier change his attitude towards sex. In case he has not been infected, he can change his ways towards a safer way of living. In case he was the source of infection, authorities could further track down the other possible victims of the HIV transmission. Should Javier pose a threat to Norma, authorities would be able to apprehend him and send him to where he cannot infect anyone, in case he is infected. As a citizen of this country, Norma should realize where she went wrong and be able to amend that mistake. In the same way, the counselor should also give greater weight to the benefit of the majority, for her oath is not just to one person but to whole nation and to humanity. Thus, in a broader perspective, disclosing Norma’s condition to qualified authorities can bring the client to a win-win situation. References Corey, G. , Scheider-Corey, M. Callanan, P. 7th Ed. (2002). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions. Wadsworth Publishing Co. Inc. Herlihy, Barbara and Gerald Corey. (2005) ACA Ethical Standards Casebook. Alexandria: American Counseling Association. National Board for Certified Counselors.

Performance Management And Improvement In Larsen And Toubro Management Essay

Performance Management And Improvement In Larsen And Toubro Management Essay Introduction The purpose of this assessment is that to identify and analyze the Human Resource policies adopted in the companies and determine whether these policies are appropriate or not based on the current market trends. The investors will be interested in certain way how the company os performing , for this the HR policies adopted by the company plays an important role. Selection and recruitment Flexible Work arrangements Performance management and improvement. Grievances I have taken into consideration the various Hr policies that I plays an important role in the companies not only the one that I will be discussing in this assignment but to other companies as well Here I have focused on the HR polices of a MNC company which is into various sectors of business , here The attention would be on the IT sector of that company. Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) Background Information. Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) is a company which is ito various sectors such as in manufacturing, engineering and also in IT . It is Multinational company , which has a branch in London UK its IT sector. This company on the overall has a strong customer focused approach and c class quality in all major lines of its industry. Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) has offices and branch which is globally spread .The company has around 11590 employees. LT Infotech focuses on Information technology and software services Business Model Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) offers three different business models or strategies that the clients can switch between them. Here each model benefits are unique , the clients can choose the best model at any point of time , to suit its business plans. Onsite Services In this model , the LT engineers are sent to the clients team at the clients location . here in this the client representative or the project manager of LT manages the project in the clients location .This model is suitable for onsite consulting with the clients customers for clients platforms and products. Offshore services Under this model the LT engineers develops the products required by the client on a need basics. A client representative would be doing the project co-ordination on the clients side. GLOBAL PERSENCE LT has its offices located globally.The company is into international business and the revenues has been growing steadily due to overseases business. The company has manufacturing facilities in India, China, Oman and Saudi Arabia. It has a global supply network with offices in 10 locations worldwide, including Houston, London, Milan, Shanghai, Seoul. Clients Its clients include industry leaders like Marsh McLennan, Standard Life, Travelers, Chevron, Freescale, Hitachi, Sanyo , Lafarge , ABSA , CitiGroup, Barclays , eCORPUS, Marathon and Qualcomm among others. Competitors BHEL Suzlon Energy BEML BGR AIA Engineering Alfa Laval1, Praj Industries Shriram Future Plans A blueprint for the next phase of growth till 2015, named Vision 2015, at Larsen and Toubro Ltd is being drafted and will be ready by March 2010. The company is planning to focus on segments traditionally dominated by foreign defence equipment makers and state-owned companies., . The company also hopes that the nuclear program will be in place once the new government assumes power. By signing pacts with three companies in the nuclear energy space, LT has hedged its risks as a nuclear equipment maker. It has put in place a nuclear equipment forging shop in Hazira in Gujarat at an investment of Rs1, 500 crore. This is in addition to a defence shipbuilding yard near Chennai at a cost of Rs1, 500 crore. As per plan, the company will create three operating companies to look after defence, aerospace and nuclear power sectors for effective operations. HUMAN RESOURCE INTRODUCTION The company considers people as the most important asset . they have teams with a diverse profile that include people from various backgrounds such as technologist and architects .The company choose people that are motivated in them self and have a strong sense of commitments with their clients. The people of these company have a nark in which they can tackle clienst and going for an extra mile for appreciations The company is maintaining a strong value driven professional work environment where every employee feels respected and fulfilled. The company follows a competency development approach which would allow them to maintain the talent the company has made. Selection and recruitment Larsen Toubro InfoTech always employees the candidates based on the merit and competence. The company also look for certain other qualities as well in an individual such as analytical ability Communication and innovation skill in practical problem solving. The Larsen Toubro InfoTech gives a very high importance for the candidates academic excellence. Why careful selection is required by LT InfoTech? The company is highly recognised and the quality standards are very high, in this company performance is important because having the employee with the right skill and right knowledge will be good as the firm will not suffer in the long run. Cost is another important factor because it will cost the employer a to recruit and hire people.. Larsen Toubro Infotech follows a competency-based recruitment philosophy, wherein Competence based job analysis basically means writing job description based on competencies rather than job duties. Thus kind will emphasis what the employees must be capable of doing rather than having a list of duties he or she must perform. Normal this competence based job descriptions describes job in terms of measureable, observable, behavioral aspects. This type of HRM policy would play participant roles while still allowing for evolution. All processes are geared to achieve our objective of attracting and selecting the best and brightest talent, while ensuring a best fit of the profiles. Typically the company recruits 75% of the candidates through various campuses and 25% of them through web based recruitment. Since web based recruitment is very common in UK and worldwide in advanced countries. Lots of companies pull information from web based sites. Larsen Toubro InfoTech offer of employment is a combination of multiple factors. It includes the value of the Larsen Toubro InfoTech brand, the opportunity to work with the best in class people who have graduated from top universities, an opportunity to work in multiple environments, and has world-class software development centres Objectives Recruitment procedure includes a simple description for job covering such as key activities, tasks, skills required, expectations, deliverables and safety considerations. When advertising, avoid discriminatory language e.g. young person. Recruitment process may include an application form, interviews , practical testing ,references checks , right to work in UK. Give the successful candidate a letter of appointment setting out clear terms and conditions. This includes the nature of employment e.g. permanent part time, casual. The letter should include a Larsen Toubro InfoTech come note and start details. Once the candidate has accepted, contact the unsuccessful candidates as a matter of courtesy Critical analysis Recruiting good candidates is every companys job. Human resource manager usually take the lead and coordinates the required activities , but every employee, every manager and every supervisor of the company has a role and share in the benefits of recruiting best applicants for the required position in the company. While I understand any company requires good applicants and candidates , In an interview we usual come across HR managers and several other employees of the company in the interview room , I usually find that employer usually throw questions at the candidate primarily aimed at tripping the candidate off rather that finding out what they could offer through their skills. Usually I have noticed that the HR manager of any company usually ask their own favorite questions. But the strategy applied by this company seems to be the best and most competitive in almost every aspects. This strategy applied by the company I understand that the HR team Knows the job requirements Know what skill is required fot that job They know what they are looking for in the candidate They know how to structure an interview By the application of the above strategy of this company(competency-based recruitment philosophy) Manager can quickly find out who would be best for the job. The can find out important thing from the candidate such as Knowledge and experience Overall motivation to succeed Poise and confidence Communication Intellectual capacity Personality Factor Goals ambition From this I understand that this competency-based recruitment has a interview plan about which we can draw the candidates general strength amd limitation . This competency-based recruitment finds the employees who will be technically be competent and fit the company culture. Recommendations High performance work system: This kind of recruitment and selection application would help the employees to work in a self motivated way. The team member would have better communication effiency as because the all have the same sets of knowledge. More strategic: This would help the organization to have a better ways of recruiting people by describing their job in a more measurable , observable behavioral competencies an employee must exhibit to do a job well. Performance management: Basing the employees training, appraisal and rewards on fostering rewarding the skills and competencies he or she needs to achieve his or her goals. Flexible Work arrangements Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) expects its employees to maintain a high standard of conduct and work performance to make sure the business maintains its good reputation with customers and clients. Good personal conduct contributes to a good work environment for all. Based on the responsibilities carer and private life the employees, the employees will require flexible work arrangement from their employer. The employees are given the freedom to send in their request based on their requirements. But the company will also have to look into the employments opportunity act , Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) Will look in to the request based facts and circumstances , later decide whether to accept or reject the request of the employee. Objectives The employees s environment of the work in the company and their responsibilities The Kind of situation the employee would be in if he does not fulfil the family or carer responsibilities The Financial strength of the employer The Kind of business the employer is in and the circumstance of work environment The impact on business if the employer has this flexible work arrangements The impact on business if the employer does not have this flexible work arrangements Apart from these objectives under the National Employment Standards , only a certain set of employees will have the right for this flexible work arrangements such as if the employees has served the organisation for 12 months ,secondly if they have a child who is under the school age, thirdly if and only if they also have c child who is under 18 and physically challenged. Employees must put such a request in writing. Which would involve an application form? Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) will response to their queries in a matter of 21 days in writing if the leave is granted or not . Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) will also provided in writing as why it was refused based on their business norms . Here in this company this flexible work arrangement will not be a hurdle at the times of promotion or responsibilities.. The company will treat all the employees equal including those who have these advantage of flexibility. Critical analysis: What I evaluate from this is that flexible work schedules have positive effects on employee producitiy , job satisfaction This has become quit popular in the last few years trying to reduce staff cost without having to make redundancies during recession. It can also help provide staff cover outside normal working hours and reduce the need for overtime. This kind of work flexibility will have the following benefits such as They will be a reduction in absenteeism which are unplanned ,lateness and slo stress This will improve the staff availability and travel shift work. The employees commitment would increase so this would increase the efficieny of the organization. Give suitable work hours which would be beneficial for the employer as well. The employee can work while kids are at school The employee can do more part-time work e.g. 2 days and 3days Longer hours less days There is a dramatic change in many of the organization in the recent years when they have introduce this flexible work arrangements, but this has improved the overall productivity , commitment and output of the employees. This provides the employees relaxation in terms of task duties and responsibities and also provided the employees with a opportunity to work away from campus. I analysis that Flexible working opportunities can benefit everyone employers, employees and their families. Most employers now recognize that it makes good business sense to provide flexible working opportunities for their staff. The flexible work arrangements have changed over the years in United kingdom where in 17.7% of men and 26.7% of women were employed with flexitime arrangements in the United Kingdom, Recommendations What I think is best is they should conduct a survey as to what the employees require The Survey should state what is needed and the staff would really respond is a appropriate way, which would provide an insight on culture of the organization. This type would also improves ways of getting worked done so the building or the floor is utilized to its full capacity . Work during quiet periods Working in this type of nature would increase the amount of work and making maximum use of the human resource. Fox example, if you are in customer service this would help a person make use of this time in paper work when the phones re not ringing Work-life balance This way of working environment would create a balance in work life which will help morale, motivation and commitment to the organization. This would help a person focus on his/ her work more effectively, than changing their focus elsewhere. This would help in increasing the business reputation of the employer as a whole Impact on your employers business This system has a major impact on the business , they are possibilities that the application might get rejected based on the business grounds of the organization. Cost of keeping the workplace open for longer There will be cost incurred in opening the workplace for longer, which could be a loss for the company , think about the security they need to provide we need think about these costs by the adavantage of this. Keeping track of hours worked The company may argue that it will be difficult to keep a track of hours the employee is trying to work .This might lead to confusion in the ending during the time of payment. Responding to customer needs I refuse the concept of to work flexitime as it will have an impact on the ability of the business to meet customer demand. I would Point out the business to would respond better to customer needs if more hours of the day is available two Performance management and improvement Traditional the organization conducted the performance in an disorganized manner and they would listen to the higher sub ordinates and take their orders these were considered as performance indicators. The formal system of appraisal followed by the Indian companies was considered as a confidecial report.. The purpose of Performance management and improvement is to improve the efficiency of the employees. The company encourage the employees to give feedback to management . The company employees will undergo a formal kind of performance review by their immediate managers based on the performance of that employee for that particular period 4 times in a year. The company follows the critical incident method , the manager keep a recorded of positive and negative contribution of the sub-ordinate s work related behavior .And discuss the performance based on this examples. objectives The software company like L T the project manager of that particular team would handle this performance review and here will be particular time set by the management of the company for this . The manager that is project manager would meet openly and constructively discuss the performance of that employee usually a general discussion. Based on the performance training would be given for that employee if their performance is very bad The manager should make a note of that team should have notes and copies that which is required to should to the higher authourity. L T uses this performance e to improve the performace of the company .If the company is not happy with the performance of the employee the company may end that employees employment.Depending on the circumstance , the performance improvement action may include warning , councelling or retraining. LT requires a ceratin minimum standard of performance which will be made clear to the employees that this would also help in appaerisal. But if the employee does not meet to the standards of the company LT will take apporaite action or in cases of serious misconduct or brech of policy may dismiss the employee. Every employees of LT must understand their responsilities and it is expected out of the by the company to meet the standards as required by LT. The comaony also provides a chance to the employee to defend themselves befor any action could take place. Performance improvement objectives LT will identify the employess who are in shortfall of performance and give them a chance of improvement. The manager will keep on eye on their improvement and based on their state of performance would sugeet them approate action such as training If the employees was given a verbal warning the manager will make of note odf the date and mark it. The manager will allow the employee to respond before making a decision and consider the employees responses. The employee may have a support person present at such meetings. The manager will decide if more action is needed. They will continue to support the employee and note the support they give, for example, training or counselling. The warning must clearly define: the deficiency a clear explanation of the expected standard by when the employee needs to achieve it how the business will help the employee achieve the improvement required consequences of failing to improve. Critical analysis The performance management system has a lot aof advantage for the company as it would be beneficial to the employess and the organisation as awhole. The employees will be working for themselves as well as for their individual teams thus improving the levels of communication. This is a type of goal alignment means having a process in place that allows any manager to see the link between employees goal and those of the teams and organisation. This type of performance evaluation in the organisation would help work flow, process control and return on investment on on ehich the company is targeting for would be linked in a meaningful way in achieveing the company overall performance. But not all the employees would be benefited from this system. We need to understand as to why this performace improvement is required . Firstly because they serve a useful career palaaning purpose . they provide an opportunity to review the employees carrer plan in light of his or her ahrenght or weakness. Secondly this would help the manager and his/ her sub ordinate to develop a proper plan to identify the sub ordinates deficiency and reinforce the right strategy in overcoming that defiencey. Thirdly this would help the employer to turn their strategics goals into specific employees goal , this can be done only if the performance is reviewd periodically. Critical Incident method has several advantages such as this makes tghe supervisor think all over the year about the appraisal of the sub ordinate. It also provided examples of good and poor performance that the supervisor can use to explain the persons rating But the down side of this critica incident menthod would be that the manager cannot use this foe comparing employees performace ith others. Recommendations. It help in setting the organisational goals Setting the departmental goals Define expected results Helps in performance Review Helps in providing feedback Standards may be unclear; halo effect, central tendency, liency, bias can also be problem Difficult to develop Can cause disagreement among employee and may be unfair if all employees are, infact excellent Time consuming Difficult to rate or rank employs relative to one another. Grievances Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) supports all the employees of its organisation to wite a grivence report to their manager if any decision on the of the management of the company is affecting their employement and what make them feel unfair. They can also compliat if the performance improvrment action against them is not suitable. Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) makes all possible attempts to solve the grievance of the employs in many possible ways .The manager would have the grievance that to the next possible level of authority for more discussion on this, have it sorted ouit as soon as possible . Managers will do their utmost to action grievances objectively, discreetly and promptly. Be aware that grievances that are misconceived, vexatious, and lacking substance may result in disciplinary action being taken against the employee lodging the grievance. Objectives The employer should solve this grievance as soon as possible .This should be informal and verbal. If this could not be achieved then the then grievance should be solved in a formal way and this process is continues. To start with the formal grivence investigation the compliant should be given in writing , with all the details , date , location and how they have tried to solve this problem in an informal way . If the grievance still cant be resolved, refer the matter to the most senior manager for consideration and a final decision. A grievance taken to this level must be in writing from the employee. Visit the work area of the grievance. Determine whether they were any witness. Fully examine the report of the grievance. Critical analysis A grievance is obviously problem encountered by an employees of any organisation. Sometimes there might exist bad relationship between the manager and the sub ordinates, there will be conflicts between the team members . problem employees are yet another cause for grievances shoot up in the company, these kinds of employees are always unhappy. These are individual who by nature it self are negetative , dissatisfied and prone to complaints. Yet the strategy introduce by these company its very good what I felt wa that the company should be careful while handling a grievance because they should not loss out any of the other good employees, in facta very good procedure indeed. Recommendation The best ways to handle the grievance s to build up an environment in such a way that the grievance would never occur. CONCLUSIONS Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) expects its employees to maintain a high standard of conduct and work performance to make sure the business maintains its good reputation with customers and clients. Good personal conduct contributes to a good work environment for all. This HR policy and procedure of Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) provides the policies and procedures for managing and developing staff. It also provides guidelines Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) will use to administer these policies, with the correct procedure to follow. In fact the above few mentioned facts are one among the HR policies, time to time it will be necessary to modify and amend some sections of the policies and procedures, or to add new procedures The main benefits are that it: assists the company to meet its legal obligations is a proven way to help managers and supervisors make consistent and reliable decisions helps give each employee a clear understanding as to what is expected and allowed

How Did the Role of the Jewish People Change During the Second Industri

The Jews in Europe were treated very poorly until a reform began in the late eighteenth century. The Jews lived in ghettos where they were not even considered citizens. The Jewish Enlightenment questioned this treatment. Emancipation is defined as, "the legal process, which began in Europe with the French Revolution, or granting to the jews equal civic rights in the countries in which they reside." The Jewish emancipation occurred during the Second Industrial Revolution due to the rise of nation-state and mercantilism (Calgary). The Jewish emancipation began at the end of the eighteenth century. It offered jews social, economic, and political opportunities, but it challenged traditional jewish life and values by making available new avenues of integration (Cornell). The Enlightenment was a "jewish ideological movement that aimed at modernizing Jewish life and thought" (Calgary). During the enlightenment some reforms were made. In 1782, Joseph II gave the Jews of the Habsburg Empire equal treatment as the Christians. France gave citizenship to Jews in 1789. Also during this time places such as Italy and Germany were treating Jews and Christians equally. An exception to the fair treatment was Russia. Russia continued to discriminate against Jews until World War I. The Russian government controlled the publication of Jewish books, the areas Jews could live in, and excluded them from receiving a higher education. The government even started riots in the Jewish communities. This was when many Jews decided to leave Russia and move to the United States. At the time they had all the legal rights as others, but they did encounter prejudice in the United States. Life seemed to improve greatly for t... ...ere treated equally in Europe made the transition more difficult when the discrimination began again. The treatment of Jews became very bad in the years preceding the First World War and they did not improve for many more years of pain and suffering. Borneman, John and Jeffery M. Peck. Sojourners. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,1995. Caron, V. Cornell University. March 1, 1998. www.cornell.edu/Academic/Courses97/csas/as1359.html. Colby University. March 3, 1998. www.colby.edu/personal/rmscheck/GermanyB4.html. Glatzer, Nahum Norbert. C.A.N.D.L.E.S. March 15, 1998. www.candles_museum.com/antsem.htm. Greenberg, Louis. The Jews in Russia. Ed. Mark Wischnitzer. New York: Schocken Books, 1976. Segal, Eliezer. University of Calgary. February 27, 1998. http://acs6.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/363_Transp/02_Emancipation.html.

HANDS and Programming :: Programming Technology Engineering Essays

HANDS and Programming Humans were never meant to stare days at a time into a screen and type lines of code into a vast expanse of nothingness. Our minds reject such alien methods with surprising ferocity. It is for this reason that programming has taken a more human-centric approach. Programming is adverse to what humans are naturally inclined to do, and because of this a push has been made for a development of programming where the programmer is not doing that which is against his nature. An example of this is HANDS, which is a programming language that is primarily directed towards children, but incorporates the human-centric ideas. (Myers, Pane, Miller) HANDS bases its programming platform on objects, in HANDS there is a figure sitting at a table that can manipulate a stack of cards, the cards being the programming utilities. This approach lessens the tedious editing of line after line of mundane code. In all actuality the programming is more of a game than a task. This appeals to children greatly (of which the language was geared for), but the basic concept could also be applied to the average programmer. The ability to program without using dry code will be a great step forward in human-centric computing. Once the base level of the computer has been conformed to serve the human’s needs, the other parts of computing that base themselves off of programming will be changed as well. It is only a matter of time. (Myers, Pane, Miller) Another type of progressive programming is in the field of Mechanical Engineering. For fifteen years â€Å"Sammie†--which is a computer model of a human--has been incorporating itself into the workplace. Sammie was a vast improvement for the engineers and their approach to the solving of problems. The engineers at one time had to interpret the anthropometric tables themselves, but with Sammie, the work was done for them allowing quicker, more accurate work to be accomplished. This is a type of program that allowed humans to operate their computers in a way that was much more natural to them, which in itself is a major progression from the previous methods that were sadly outdated and used too often. (Morrissey) Michael L. Dertouzos, the director of MIT’s Laboratory for Computer Science wrote The Unfinished Revolution: Human-Centered Computers and What They Can Do for Us.

A Character Sketch Of Joe Gargery :: essays research papers

A Character Sketch of Joe Gargery Joe Gargery might not be the smartest or wisest of Dickens' characters, but he is definitely one of the kindest and most humane. Although Miss Havisham gets much attention for being different, I think that you will soon be convinced that Joe, however simple he may be, is definitely a unique character. It is my opinion that Dickens made an effort to raise the readers respect for Joe by the sharp contrast between him and his wife. Three qualities belonging to Joe are his affectionate nature, pride, and his perseverance. When Joe asks Mrs. Gargery to marry him, he especially insists that she bring her young orphaned brother, Pip, to live with them. Joe never reminds Pip of this fact, except when telling Pip how much he thinks of him. Mrs. Gargery, on the other hand, is constantly reminding Pip to be thankful of her "raising him by hand". At one point, Pip decides he will teach Joe to read. Although Joe has no real aspiration for this, he humors Pip and lets the boy instruct him. As mentioned before, Mrs. Gargery is a very cruel person. One would think living with her would drive even a saint to kill. Even so, Joe never says a harsh word about his wife and treats her with the utmost respect. Pip's decision to go to London has a greater impact than most readers think. Not only was Joe losing a set of hands around the forge, but he was also saying farewell to a boy who must have been like a son to him. Joe knew that once Pip left they would never have the same relationship. It was clear to Joe that this was Pip's dream, so not once did he question the decision Pip had made. When Pip is asked to come to Miss Havisham's and "play", Mrs. Gargery and Pumblechook are driven crazy wondering what gift she will give Pip for his service. Joe, on the other hand, pays no attention to their high hopes. His pride is also evident when he turns down the money Jaggers offers him for Pip's indentures. It is not that Joe couldn't use the money, after all he is losing Pip's help in the forge and his wife is bedridden. Joe proves to be a man of great perseverance. He manages to run a smithy, be married to a wife with a temper that makes a rabid dog seem tame, and

Ap Language Essay

Foskuhl 1 Baxter J. Foskuhl Mrs. Murdock AP Language & Composition November 11, 2012 Our Dream The American Dream is a principle. Our American Dream is not written down, not created by our founding fathers. The American Dream is a set of beliefs that dictate much more societal change than the Government and even the Constitution. Since it is not written down or legalized, it can change, grow, and flourish however the people of this country decide it to. The American Dream does not prejudice by color or origin. It is not constrained by demographics nor can it be classified as a status.The dream cannot be amended, voted for, or killed. The word shalom comes from the language of Hebrew, meaning peace, community, home, love. Similarly, the American Dream is a belief that has multiple connotations: work, equal, freedom, wealth, opportunity. These meanings are constantly being redefined. Over time, however; the American Dream has come to being something different for every generation. The tremendous social changes that have happened within the last forty years have significantly changed the definition of the American Dream. For example, there were roughly 150 million people living in the United States.Since then, multiple recessions, social movements, technological leaps, all along with the current population of roughly 308 million has significantly altered the definition of the American Dream. The classic view of the Caucasian family of two kids, two cars, a white picket fence and a Labrador retriever is far from todays American Dream, and society as a whole. The American Dream does not just consist of white Foskuhl 2 families anymore. It does not fulfill to the assumption that men are allowed to abuse their wives, and keep them at home where they are â€Å"supposed† to be.Also, the American Dream most certainly does not promise the newest Ford every year. The Dream is the couple who recently adopted an adorable Asian baby. The Dream is the recently immigrate d Hispanic family who can breathe fresh air, drink clear water, and live safely. Even more, the American Dream is a principle of hope, from the poor city kid who strives to be a Doctor, to the Hawaiian-born scholar destined to become the leader of the free world. The idea of the American Dream has influenced arts, film, politics, literature, etc. , etc. For example, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses Jay Gatsby to portray the American Dream in the 1920’s.In the novel, Meyer Wolfshiem talks about how he raised Gatsby up from nothing, a key component of the American Dream. Wolfshiem shows this when he says â€Å"’I raised him up out of nothing, right out of the gutters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 171). The process of going from rags to riches is one of the core concepts of the American Dream. Fitzgerald also displays the American Dream as money, wealth, the â€Å"better† life. Fitzgerald shows Gatsby as a man wealth when Nick says â€Å"The one on my right was a colossal af fair by any standard- it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 5).The kind of American Dream that Fitzgerald portrays in the 1920’s is one of wealth as achievement and coming up from practically nothing to achieve so. Jay Gatsby was a simple Minnesotan boy with not too much given to him, who, as Fitzgerald would have it, climbed his path and attained a status of wealth. This was the symbol of achievement in the 1920’s. Jay Gatsby’s attainment of wealth represents Fitzgerald’s portrayal of the American Dream in the 1920’s. Foskuhl 3 The portrayal of the American Dream as presented in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s the Great Gatsby does not hold true in today’s society.I believe that the significant difference is while the 1920’s American Dream is one of attaining the quantity of money; the 21st century American Dream values the quality of life, and the equal pursuit of happiness. Currently, I think the American Dream is not about having millions of dollars or a white picket fence with Lassie in the front. A more modern American Dream is one about having the choice to who you love, the opportunity for education regardless of your intellectual ability or income level, and financial security. Today's American Dream is about peace, safety, equality, opportunity, and not trying to become the 1%.

A Global Overview of Water Situation

Chapter 1: Introduction1.0 BACKGROUND1.0.1 A planetary overview of H2O state of affairsWater is the most of import natural resources impacting human endurance. The H2O supply is a important factor in the economic activity of a state. Not merely the economic system but the safety of human public wellness and the environment( Yahya A. Shekha, 2013 ) are of import issues which are the pillars when supervising parametric quantities used in measuring H2O and effluent. This being said, half a billion people live in water-stressed or water-scarce states and by 2025 that figure will turn to three billion due to an addition in population( Hanjra and Qureshi, 2010 ). Furthermore, 2 million diarrheal deceases related to insecure H2O, sanitation and hygiene are monitored yearly ( WHO 2015 ) with Mauritius being ranked at the 117 topographic point ( World Health Rankings, 2011 ) .1.0.2Overview of the H2O situation/crisis in Mauritius [ R.JP1 ]Mauritius a tropical island of 1,261,208 people( Statistics of Mauritius, 2014 )is said to be fortunate plenty to hold sufficient H2O resources to get by with the current demand. However, it should be noted that a high proportion of the rainfall occurs during the summer months and cyclones.Thematic Working Group ( 2011 )explains that from a sum of 3900 Mm3of rainfall ; 2067 Mm3goes as surface overflow with 744 Millimeters3of it traveling to reservoirs, lakes and rivers while 9 % and 38 % are used to reload aquifers and are lost through evapotranspiration severally, therefore amounting the island’s utilisable potency to merely about 1300 Mm3, finally conveying the state in a H2O emphasis state of affairs. This is farther demonstrated byMekonnen & A ; Hoekstra ( 2011 )who put Mauritius at a degree of 74 % in the extremely water-scarce states that have a big external H2O dependence and besides by theUnited Nations Development Programme ( UNDP ) Human Development Reportwhich stipulates that the H2O supply is of 1083 m3per individual per twelvemonth which is good below the criterion of 1700 m3per individual per twelvemonth.1.1 Water use and remedial for H2O scarceness in MauritiusMauritius really obtains fresh H2O from two resources viz.Surface H2O from 11 reservoirs,Groundwater from 350 boreholes taking H2O from 5 chief and 3 secondary aquifers.( Digest of Energy and Water Statistics 2012, Rageshwar Pokhun 2002 and V. Proag 2006 ) .Harmonizing toDigest of Energy and Water Statistics ( 2013 ), of the overall 888 Millimeter3of H2O used by the state ; 26 % is used by the domestic, industrial and touristry sector, 32 % by the hydropower Stationss while the major staying 42 % goes to the agri cultural sector. Not merely in Mauritius but from whatHanjra and Qureshi ( 2010 ), the dominant user of H2O is irrigated agribusiness which accounts for 80 % of the planetary H2O usage this is where the demand for effluent reuse has been prompted. Conventional effluent direction as explained byChin et Al. ( 2009 )adopts the ‘Mix-First-and-Separate-Later’ construct whereby the wastewaters approaches the features of greywater therefore doing the separation at beginning the manner out for better H2O quality.1.1.1The possible public-service corporation of domestic effluent at beginningDue to the major H2O crisis being felt worldwide and locally, an increasing involvement has been drawn to the onsite reuse of greywater as a method to decrease the overall H2O demand( Gilboa & A ; Friedler )and has already become platitude in H2O stressed states like Australia and Mediterranean( Revitt. et.al 2010 ). Knowing that Mauritius has merely 29 % of its population connected to sewer while the staying rely on on-site effluent disposal system( R. Joysury. et Al. 2012 ), the above would be a good enterprise in order to cut down the H2O demand in the state.1.1.1.1GreywaterGreywater is effluent from bathing tub, showers, kitchen sink s, rinsing machines and toilets and is worldly recognised as an alternate H2O beginning for non-potable utilizations( Couto, EA. et Al. 2014 ).Matos. et Al. ( 2002 )provinces that it is produced on a much higher volume and lower degree of pollution as blackwater therefore doing it a possible H2O resource option if gaining control before it reaches the cloaca.EPA ( 2002 )estimations greywater’s day-to-day coevals per capita to be 200 to 300 liters and stand foring 50-80 % of entire effluent at family degree( Aguiar do Couto. et Al. 2014 ) From research done byAmy Vickers ( 2001 )on H2O use in the domestic sector, it came to visible radiation that the indoor H2O use is 69 % while the out-of-door one is 31 % . From these 69 % , sing a individual household H2O conserving place, 8 chief classs are found viz. lavatory, showers, spigots, baths, dishwasher, apparels washer, leaks and other domestic public-service corporations in the proportions illustrated in figure 1.1. Figure 1.1: Pie chart demoing the mean indoor H2O usage in a conserving individual household place adapted from Amy Vickers ( 2001 ) This immense sum of H2O if treated can be considered for applications such as toilet/urinal flushing, irrigation intents, vehicle lavation, fire protection, boiler provender H2O, concrete production and saving of wetlands and is expected to cut down fresh H2O demand by 30 %( Jefferson. et Al. 2004 )hence bettering the H2O usage efficiency and could play a notable function in future H2O direction schemes( March & A ; Gual, 2009 ) .1.1.2The outgrowth of new eco-friendly intervention systemsBing biologically polluted, greywater represents a high healthful hazard in footings of spread of micro-organisms and needs biological greywater intervention engineering such as membrane bioreactor, revolving biological contactor or constructed wetland. In order to utilize greywater at its full usage, onsite intervention is compulsory, one eco-friendly, simple operation and care and low-priced option for effluent intervention in developing waterless and semi-arid states would be Constructed Wetlands ( CWs )( United States Environmental Protection bureau 1993, UN-HABITAT, 2008, Abdel-Shafy. et Al. 2009 ). When sing onsite greywater reuse, factors such as healthful, environmental and aesthetic quality demand besides to be expression after due to its propinquity to the general populace. Finally effectual disinfection system which are robust, inexpensive safe, low care and simple demand to be accomplished beforehand ( Friedler & A ; Gilboa, 2010 ) so as to run intoing H2O quality demands before usage. Harmonizing toJefferson. et Al. ( 2004 ), the H2O quality demands for each applications are geospecific nevertheless by and large consist of standards such as organic, solids and microbiological content of the H2O. In Mauritius, the quality demands for H2O reuse are given in the Environmental Protection Act of 2002. Throughout this thesis the relevancy of obtained informations will be compared with the criterion of wastewater for usage in irrigation of the environment protection ordinances 2003 ( Environment Protection Act, 2002 ) . As mentioned byMainon. et Al. ( 2014 ), both a suited intervention and disinfection units are recommended as preventative step for on-site greywater reuse.1.2PurposesIn this survey, we will look into two established oxidization methods for effluent disinfection which are chlorination and UV visible radiation radiation. Their single public presentations in extinguishing the public wellness hazards through quantitative analysis of pathogens indexs ( Entire Coliforms & A ; Faecal Coliforms ) in treated greywater arising from an onsite horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland ( HSSFCW ) of a individual family will be assessed. The disinfected H2O will be considered for reuse for non-potable intents such as irrigation and should stay to the criterions of wastewater for irrigation given in EPA 2002.1.3AimsThe aims are as follows:Design and building of an HSSFCW at a individual family degree.Monitoring of the Entire Coliforms and Faecal Coliforms in treated H2O from a HSSFCW.Measuring Cl and UV disinfection of the treated H2O.Statistical analyse of informations obtained from laboratory experiments and verify if the disinfected greywater meets the criterion of wastewater for usage for irrigation in conformity with EPA 2002.Proposing the least-costly method of disinfection that can be applied at a individual family degree.Thingss to add: The chief disbursals related to sewage services are capital cost, operation and care costs and the procurance of land. In this sense appropriate engineering should be low-cost ( capital cost ) have a low operation and care cost ( sustainability ) , be effectual in run intoing the discharge criterions ( efficiency ) give the least nuisance ( public acceptableness ) and be environmentally friendly. Therefore natural effluent intervention processes ( ie non-electromechanical, utilizing physical and biological procedures ) that are simple, low-priced and low care are preferred as appropriate options for conventional effluent intervention by any state but particularly in developing states in the tropical countries. ( Mburu. et Al, 2013 ) ( Vymazal, 2008 ) Constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow have beed used for effluent intervention for more than 30 old ages. These effluent scope from domestic, industrial such as petrochemical, nutrient processing and distilleries among so much and agricultural sectors with each exhibiting BOD and COD removal above 60 % . Typical composing of municipal effluents BOD5: 220 mg/l Pod: 500 mg/l Toxic shock: 220 mg/l NH4-N: 25 mg/l NOX-N: 0 mg/l Norg: 15 mg/l TKN: 40 mg/l TP: 8 mg/l Pedescoll. Et Al, 2011 Low energy demands and non-specialised work force for works direction are among the most of import advantages of SSFCWs in comparing to conventional options such as the activated sludge procedures Chen et Al 2014 Due to climate alteration and population growing around 80 states and 40 % of the world’s population are sing H2O emphasis, both in footings of H2O scarceness and quality impairment. Wastewater renewal for direct and indirect utilizations is considered to be one of the options that could be used to relieve H2O deficits in waterless and semi-arid parts. Villasenor et Al 2013 One of the classical low cost engineerings for effluent intervention involves constructed wetlands. These systems consist of wetlands that are isolated from the environment around them and have effluent. Depending on the type of CWs, they are formed by different elements including macrophytes workss, a porous solid bed and a assorted population of micro-organisms in the signifier of biofilms. Water purification is achieved by a complex combination of natural physical, chemical and biological phenomena. One of the chief types of CWs is the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland ( HSSF-CW ) in which H2O circulates through a porous bed of crushed rock on which macrophytes workss turn. Morato. Et Al, 2014 Water deficit in waterless and semi-arid countries such as the Mediterranean have prompted a demand for effluent intervention and subsequent reuse. Reclamation can be achieved through conventional intensive systems or natural, ecologically engineered interventions such as horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Depending on effluent type, some infective micro-organisms may be present and hence wastewater renewal processes with disinfection could be required. As enteric beings, most may non last and may besides be destroyed by predation. Water temperature, organic affair concentration and hydraulic conditions such as flow, aspect ratio and farinaceous media type are some of the most of import factors regulating happening and growing of feasible bugs in biofilms developed elsewhere. In general, most surveies on fecal micro-organism remotion in constructed wetlands merely describe entire and fecal coliform remotion. Research utilizing experimental, pilot and all-out constructed wetlands has shown that fecal coliform bacteriums inactivation normally ranges between 1.25 and 2.5 log units.